Jump to content

2010 Austin suicide attack

Coordinates: 30°23′6″N 97°44′37″W / 30.38500°N 97.74361°W / 30.38500; -97.74361
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Andrew Joseph Stack)
2010 Austin suicide attack
Part of Terrorism in the United States
Panorama of a damaged building
Panorama of the building the day after the plane crash
Location9430 Research Boulevard
Austin, Texas, U.S.
Coordinates30°23′6″N 97°44′37″W / 30.38500°N 97.74361°W / 30.38500; -97.74361
DateFebruary 18, 2010 (2010-02-18)
9:56 local (15:56 UTC)[1] (UTC-6)
TargetInternal Revenue Service field office in Austin, Texas
Attack type
Suicide attack
WeaponsFixed-wing aircraft (Piper Dakota)
Deaths2 (including the perpetrator)
Injured13[2]
VictimVernon Hunter[3][4]
PerpetratorAndrew Joseph Stack III
MotiveAnger towards IRS policies

The 2010 Austin suicide attack occurred on February 18, 2010, when Andrew Joseph Stack III deliberately crashed his single-engine Piper Dakota light aircraft into Building I of the Echelon office complex in Austin, Texas, United States,[5] killing himself and Internal Revenue Service (IRS) manager Vernon Hunter.[6] Thirteen others were injured, two severely. The four-story[7][8] office building housed an IRS field office occupying the top three floors, along with a couple of private businesses on the first floor. Prior to the crash, Stack had posted a suicide note to his website, expressing his disillusionment with corporations and government agencies such as the IRS.[9] Stack is also suspected of having set fire that morning to his two-story North Austin house, which was mostly destroyed.

In the aftermath, there was increased debate over the policies of the IRS, and different forms of protest. In response to the attack, the IRS spent more than $38.6 million,[10] with $6.4 million spent to recover and resume work at the building, and over $32 million spent to increase security at other IRS sites in the U.S. However, the spending on security changes was questioned as being ineffective,[by whom?] as none of it would actually prevent airplanes from crashing into the buildings. The building was repaired by December 2011.

Joseph Stack

[edit]

Andrew Joseph Stack III (August 31, 1956 – February 18, 2010) lived in the Scofield Farms neighborhood in North Austin, and worked as an embedded software consultant.[11][12][13] He grew up in Pennsylvania and had two brothers and two sisters. Stack was orphaned at age four, and spent some time at a Catholic orphanage.[14] He graduated from the Milton Hershey School in 1974 and studied engineering at Harrisburg Area Community College from 1975 to 1977, but did not graduate.[15][16] His first marriage, to Ginger Stack, which ended in divorce, produced a daughter, Samantha Bell.[14][17] In 2007, Stack married Sheryl Housh, who had a daughter from a previous marriage.[14]

In 1985, Stack, along with his first wife, incorporated Prowess Engineering. In 1994, he failed to file a state tax return. In 1998, the Stacks divorced, and a year later his wife filed Chapter 11 bankruptcy, citing federal tax liabilities totaling nearly $126,000. In 1995, Stack started Software Systems Service Corp, which was suspended in 2004 for non-payment of state taxes.[14]

Stack obtained a pilot's certificate in 1994 and owned a Velocity Elite XL-RG plane, in addition to the Piper Dakota (aircraft registration N2889D) he flew into the Echelon building.[14] He had been using the Georgetown Municipal Airport for four and a half years and paid $236.25 a month to rent a hangar.[1] There has been speculation that Stack replaced seats on his aircraft with extra drums of fuel prior to the collision.[18]

Stack's accountant confirmed that at the time of the incident, he was being audited by the Internal Revenue Service for failure to report income.[19]

Events

[edit]

About an hour before the crash, Stack allegedly set fire to his $230,000[18] house located on Dapplegrey Lane in North Austin;[11][20] the house was mostly destroyed in the fire.[6][21] He then drove to a hangar he rented at Georgetown Municipal Airport, approximately 20 miles (32 km) to the north.[22] He boarded his single-engine Piper Dakota airplane and took off around 9:45 a.m. Central Standard Time.[23][24][25][26] He indicated to the control tower his flight would be "going southbound, sir."[14] After taking off, his last broadcast words were "thanks for your help, have a great day."[27]

About ten minutes later, his plane descended and collided at full speed with Echelon I, a building containing offices for 190 IRS employees, resulting in a large fireball and explosion.[23][28][29] The building is located near the intersection of Research Boulevard (U.S. Route 183) and Mopac Expressway (Loop 1).

Suicide note

[edit]
Wikinews has related news:

On the morning of the crash, Stack posted a suicide note on his website, embeddedart.com.[13][30][31][32][33] The HTML source code of the web page shows the letter was composed using Microsoft Word starting two days prior, February 16, at 19:24Z (1:24 p.m. CST).[34] The document also shows that it was saved 27 times with the last being February 18 at 06:42Z (12:42 a.m. CST).[34]

In the note, he begins by expressing displeasure with the government, the bailout of financial institutions, politicians, the conglomerate companies of General Motors, Enron and Arthur Andersen, unions, drug and health care insurance companies, and the Catholic Church.[33] He then describes his life as an engineer, including his meeting with a poor widow who never got the pension benefits she was promised, the effect of Section 1706 of the Tax Reform Act of 1986 on independent contractor engineers, the September 11 attacks, airline bailouts that benefited only the airlines but not the suffering engineers, and how a Certified Public Accountant he hired seemed to side with the government to take extra tax money from him.

The note also mentions Stack's having issues with taxes, debt, and the IRS and his having a long-running feud with the organization.[35] While the IRS also has a larger regional office in Austin, the field office located in Echelon I performed tax audits, seizures, investigations and collections.[35]

The note ended with:

I saw it written once that the definition of insanity is repeating the same process over and over and expecting the outcome to suddenly be different. I am finally ready to stop this insanity. Well, Mr. Big Brother IRS man, let's try something different; take my pound of flesh and sleep well.

The communist creed: From each according to his ability, to each according to his need.

The capitalist creed: From each according to his gullibility, to each according to his greed.

— Joe Stack (1956–2010), 02/18/2010[33]

Aftermath

[edit]

Vernon Hunter, a 68-year-old Revenue Officer Group Manager for the IRS, was killed in the incident along with Joseph Stack.[6][36] Thirteen people were reported as injured, two of them critically. Debris from the crash reportedly shattered the windshield of a car being driven on the southbound access road of Highway 183 in front of the building.[3] Another driver on the southbound access road of Highway 183 had his windows and sunroof shattered during the impact, and had debris fall inside his car, yet escaped uninjured.[6][37] Robin DeHaven, a glass worker and former combat engineer for the United States Army, saw the collision while commuting to a customer's house for his job, and used the extension ladder on his truck to rescue six people from the 2nd floor of the building.[38] By coincidence, the Travis County Hazardous Materials Team — an inter-agency group of firefighters from outside the City of Austin — had just assembled for training across the freeway from the targeted building, observed the low and fast flight of Stack's plane, and heard the blast impact.[39] They immediately responded, attacking the fire and initiating search-and-rescue.[39] Several City of Austin fire engines for the area of the Echelon building were already deployed at the fire at Stack's home at the time of the impact.[39]

Georgetown Municipal Airport was temporarily evacuated while a bomb disposal team searched Stack's abandoned vehicle.[40]

An inspection into the Echelon building's structural integrity was concluded six days after the incident and a preliminary decision was made to repair the building rather than demolish it.[41] Those repairs were substantially complete by December 2011.

Economic costs to IRS

[edit]

The IRS spent more than $38.6 million after the suicide attack.[10][42]

For the immediate response, document recovery, and to resume operations at the center, the IRS spent USD $6,421,942.[10] Of this amount, USD $3,258,213 was spent on document recovery.[10]

Also, the IRS spent a total of USD $32.3 million to improve IRS building security across the United States, with USD $32.2 million ($43.6 million in 2023) "to evaluate and enhance employee safety and physical security at IRS facilities", although it was not explained what physical security measures were intended to preventing airplanes from flying into buildings.[10] The IRS said, because of the 2010 Austin terrorist attack and the emergency plans in place, there was no direct budgetary impact on the IRS's ability to provide taxpayer services or enforce tax laws.[10]

An additional $1,236,634 was spent on a security risk assessment to be performed by the private Georgia based logistical and engineering services firm Unified Consultants Group, Inc. A July 25, 2012 audit, released shortly after the incident cost analysis, performed by the Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration, determined that the contract was mismanaged by the IRS.[43][44] The security-review process was determined to have had multiple problems, and many of the sites were not inspected by the contractor. The audit placed the blame on the IRS agency's individuals responsible for defining, negotiating, and administering the contract, with potentially 100% of funds being used inefficiently and the security improvements of IRS sites may have been ineffective.[44]

Reaction

[edit]

The United States Department of Homeland Security issued a statement saying that the incident did not appear to be linked to organized international terrorist groups.[23] White House spokesman Robert Gibbs reaffirmed what Homeland Security said, and that President Barack Obama was briefed on the incident.[45] The President expressed his concern and commended the courageous actions of the first responders.[45] The North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) launched two F-16 fighter aircraft from Ellington Airport in Houston, Texas, to conduct an air patrol in response to the crash. That action was reported as standard operating procedure in this situation.[30]

The company hosting embeddedart.com, T35 Hosting, took Stack's website offline "due to the sensitive nature of the events that transpired in Texas this morning and in compliance with a request from the FBI."[46][47] Several groups supporting Stack on the social networking website Facebook appeared following the incident and the news of the accompanying manifesto. These were immediately shut down by Facebook staff.[48][49][50]

Austin police chief Art Acevedo stated that the incident was not the action of a major terrorist organization. He also cited "some heroic actions on the part of federal employees" that "will be told at the appropriate time."[51]

The Federal Bureau of Investigation stated that it was investigating the incident "as a criminal matter of an assault on a federal officer" and that it was not being considered terrorism at this time.[52]

However, two members of the United States House of Representatives, both of whose districts include the Austin area, made statements to the contrary. Rep. Lloyd Doggett (D-Texas) stated, "Like the larger-scale tragedy in Oklahoma City, this was a cowardly act of domestic terrorism." Mike McCaul (R-Texas), told a reporter that, "it sounds like it [was a terrorist attack] to me." Georgetown University Professor Bruce Hoffman stated that for this to be considered an act of terrorism, "there has to be some political motive and it has to send a broader message that seeks some policy change. From what I've heard, that doesn't appear to be the case. It appears he was very mad at the [IRS] and this was a cathartic outburst of violence. His motivation was the key."[53] A USA Today headline used the term "a chilling echo of terrorism."[29]

Citing the copy of Joseph Stack's note posted online,[33] blogger Joan McCarter observed on the Daily Kos website that, "Obviously Stack was not a mentally healthy person, and he was embittered at capitalism, including crony capitalism, and health insurance companies and the government." She also stated that Stack could not be connected with the Tea Party movement, but argued that the incident "should inject a bit of caution into the anti-government flame-throwers on the right."[54] The website Ace of Spades HQ disputed any connection to the movement and additionally stated Stack was not "right wing", citing Stack's criticism of politicians for not doing anything about health care reform.[55]

In an interview with ABC's Good Morning America, Joe Stack's adult daughter, Samantha Bell, who now lives in Norway, stated initially that she considered her father to be a hero, because she felt that now people might listen. While she does not agree with his specific actions involving the plane crash, she does agree with his actions about speaking out against "injustice" and "the government."[17] Bell subsequently retracted aspects of her statement, saying her father was "not a hero" and adding, "We are mourning for Vernon Hunter."[56]

Five days after her husband Vernon Hunter's death, Valerie Hunter filed a wrongful death lawsuit against Sheryl Mann Stack, Andrew Joseph Stack's widow in federal District Court. The lawsuit alleges that Sheryl had a duty to "avoid a foreseeable risk of injury to others," including her late husband and failed to do so by not warning others about her late husband. The lawsuit also mentions that Stack was required by law to fly his plane at an altitude 1,000 feet (305 m) above the highest obstacle.[57][needs update] At a March 8, 2010, benefit event, Stack's widow, Sheryl, publicly offered condolences for the victims of the attack.[58]

Former Iowa congressman Steve King (R-Iowa) has made several statements regarding Stack including,

I think if we'd abolished the IRS back when I first advocated it, he wouldn't have a target for his airplane. And I'm still for abolishing the IRS, I've been for it for thirty years and I'm for a national sales tax (in its place).[59][60]

Academic and activist Noam Chomsky cited Joe Stack's letter as indicative of some of the public sentiment in the U.S., stated that several of Stack's assertions are accurate or based on real grievances, and urged people to "help" the Joseph Stacks of the world get involved in constructive popular movements instead of letting the Joseph Stacks "destroy themselves, and maybe the world," in order to prevent a process similar to how legitimate and valid popular grievances of the German people in the 1920s and 1930s were manipulated by the Nazis towards violence and away from constructive ends.[61][62]

The Internal Revenue Service formally designates certain individuals as potentially dangerous taxpayers (PDTs). In response to an inquiry after the attack, an IRS spokesperson declined to state whether Stack had been designated as a PDT.[63]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Longoria, Bobby (February 22, 2010). "Community mourns loss of victim in plane crash". The Daily Texan. Retrieved 2010-02-22.[permanent dead link‍]
  2. ^ Miller, Carlin D (February 18, 2010). "Joe Stack Plane Crash Austin Aftermath: 13 Injured, Two Critically". CBS News. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved February 25, 2016.
  3. ^ a b Gonzalez, Anna M (February 19, 2010). "2 dead after plane crashes into North Austin building". News 8 Austin. Archived from the original on February 22, 2010. Retrieved February 19, 2010.
  4. ^ "Wife of Pilot in Texas Plane Attack Offers 'Sincerest Sympathy' to Victims". FoxNews.com. Associated Press. February 19, 2010. Archived from the original on February 20, 2010. Retrieved April 7, 2013.. Notes 13 injured and Vernon Hunter killed.
  5. ^ Cronan, Carl (February 18, 2010). "Echelon Building Destroyed in Plane Crash". GlobeSt.com. Archived from the original on 2012-02-25. Retrieved February 18, 2010.
  6. ^ a b c d Kerkman, Maggie (February 19, 2010). "Victim in Austin Plane Crash Identified". LiveShots via FoxNews.com. Archived from the original on February 22, 2010. Retrieved February 19, 2010.
  7. ^ Novak, Shonda (February 18, 2010). "Building's architect is glad safety features apparently worked". Austin American-Statesman. Retrieved February 19, 2010.
  8. ^ "Travis County Property Information". Travis County Appraisal District. Archived from the original on July 28, 2011. Retrieved February 23, 2010.
  9. ^ "Suicide Note" (PDF). University of Pennsylvania. Retrieved June 3, 2024.
  10. ^ a b c d e f "Accounting for the Austin Incident". Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration. July 10, 2012. pp. 3, 4, and 5. Archived from the original on September 26, 2012. Retrieved July 19, 2012.
  11. ^ a b "TaxNetUSA: Travis County Property Information". TravisCAD.org. Travis Central Appraisal District. February 16, 2010. Archived from the original on February 21, 2010. Retrieved February 18, 2010.
  12. ^ "Pilot, IRS worker identified as those killed in Texas crash". CNN. February 22, 2010. Archived from the original on February 24, 2010. Retrieved February 23, 2010.
  13. ^ a b Grisales, Claudia (February 18, 2010). "Burned house, plane crash linked to same person". The Blotter via Austin American-Statesman. Archived from the original on February 21, 2010. Retrieved February 18, 2010.
  14. ^ a b c d e f Breed, Allen G. (February 21, 2010). "Simmering for decades, a Texas engineer's grudge against the IRS explodes into suicidal flight". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on February 26, 2010. Retrieved February 22, 2010.
  15. ^ Root, Jay; Carlton, Jeff (February 18, 2010). "Friends and band mates say they never saw Texas pilot's passion for a bitter feud with the IRS". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on February 23, 2010. Retrieved February 18, 2010.
  16. ^ Fausset, Richard (February 20, 2010). "Austin pilot 'was always even-keeled'". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved February 20, 2010.
  17. ^ a b "Daughter says pilot in Texas IRS crash was a hero". Arizona Republic. February 22, 2010. Retrieved February 22, 2010.
  18. ^ a b Mattingly, David; Lavandera, Ed; Cratty, Carol (February 20, 2010). "Texas plane may have been loaded with extra fuel". CNN. Archived from the original on February 23, 2010. Retrieved February 20, 2010.
  19. ^ "Stack in middle of audit at time of crash". News8 Austin. February 25, 2010.[permanent dead link‍]
  20. ^ Delony, Doug; Associated Press staff (February 18, 2010). "Austin Plane Crash, House Fire Could Be Connected". MyFoxHouston.com. Archived from the original on February 22, 2010. Retrieved February 18, 2010.
  21. ^ Gonzales, Suzannah (February 19, 2010). "Plane crash suspect's home mostly destroyed by fire". Austin American-Statesman. Archived from the original on February 21, 2010. Retrieved March 10, 2020.
  22. ^ Fausset, Richard (February 19, 2010). "Suicide pilot crashes into building in Texas housing IRS offices". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on February 23, 2010. Retrieved February 24, 2010.
  23. ^ a b c Meserve, Jeanne; Simon, Mallory (February 18, 2010). "Remains of 2 found after Austin plane crash". CNN. Archived from the original on February 20, 2010. Retrieved February 18, 2010.
  24. ^ Mitchell, Mike (February 19, 2010). "Suicide Pilot Joseph Andrew Stack Crashes Into IRS Building". AvStop.com. Archived from the original on October 29, 2010. Retrieved February 24, 2010.
  25. ^ "FAA Registry – N2889D". FAA.gov. Archived from the original on February 22, 2010. Retrieved February 18, 2010.
  26. ^ Gold, Russell; Sechler, Bob; Perez, Evan (February 19, 2010). "Tax Protester Crashes Plane Into IRS Office". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on June 11, 2015. Retrieved February 27, 2010.
  27. ^ "Pilot's communication with tower before crash into office building". February 20, 2010. Archived from the original on February 25, 2010. Retrieved February 24, 2010.
  28. ^ "News 8, KVUE, and KEYE Covering Austin Plane Crash Into Eschelon Building". Media-Newswire.com. February 18, 2010. Archived from the original on February 21, 2010. Retrieved February 18, 2010.
  29. ^ a b Levin, Alan; Frank, Thomas; Jayson, Sharon (February 19, 2010). "In Austin, a chilling echo of terrorism". USATODAY. Archived from the original on February 28, 2010. Retrieved February 24, 2010.
  30. ^ a b Henricks, Mark (February 18, 2010). "AFP: US pilot in plane attack on Texas tax office". AFP. Archived from the original on February 25, 2010.
  31. ^ Kanalley, Craig (February 18, 2010). "Joe Stack STATEMENT: Alleged Suicide Note From Austin Pilot Posted Online". Huffington Post. Archived from the original on February 21, 2010. Retrieved February 18, 2010.
  32. ^ "Embeddedart.com". DomainTools.com. Archived from the original on January 30, 2016. Retrieved February 18, 2010.
  33. ^ a b c d "Well Mr. Big Brother IRS man... take my pound of flesh and sleep well". Embeddedart.com. Archived from the original on February 27, 2010. Retrieved February 18, 2010.
  34. ^ a b Veneziani, Vince (February 18, 2010). "Joseph Andrew Stack Revised His Death Letter 27 Times Before Settling On The Final Draft". Business Insider. Archived from the original on February 21, 2010. Retrieved February 22, 2010.
  35. ^ a b "Who Was Joseph Stack?" (video). FoxNews.com. February 19, 2010. Archived from the original on February 24, 2010. Retrieved February 22, 2010.
  36. ^ Plohetski, Tony (February 19, 2010). "Plane hits Northwest Austin office building". Austin American-Statesman. Archived from the original on February 21, 2010. Retrieved March 10, 2020.
  37. ^ Bellacosa, Keri (February 18, 2010). "Eyewitness Describes Debris Hitting Car". Fox 7 Austin. Archived from the original on February 23, 2010. Retrieved February 19, 2010.
  38. ^ Macedo, Diane (February 18, 2010). "Glass Worker Turns Hero After Plane Crashes Into Texas Building". FoxNews.com. Archived from the original on February 20, 2010. Retrieved February 19, 2010.
  39. ^ a b c Schwartz, Jeremy; Plohetski, Tony (February 20, 2010). "Lucky coincidence may have saved lives". Austin American-Statesman. Archived from the original on February 23, 2010. Retrieved March 10, 2020.
  40. ^ "Pilot's Car at Airport Causes Bomb Scare". CBS. February 18, 2010. Archived from the original on February 23, 2010. Retrieved February 23, 2010.
  41. ^ Flener, Matt (February 24, 2010). "Manager: Crash site building will stand". KXAN. Archived from the original on February 26, 2010. Retrieved February 24, 2010.
  42. ^ MICHAEL COHN (July 18, 2012), "Austin Plane Crash Cost IRS $38.6 Million", Accounting Today, archived from the original on August 20, 2012, retrieved October 9, 2012
  43. ^ "Prime Award Spending Data". USASpending.gov. Archived from the original on 2012-12-14. Retrieved 2012-10-08.
  44. ^ a b An Independent Risk Assessment of Facility Physical Security Was Not Performed in Compliance With Contract Requirements, Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration, July 25, 2012, archived from the original on September 26, 2012, retrieved October 9, 2012
  45. ^ a b Gibbs, Robert (February 18, 2010). "On the Plane Crash in Austin". whitehouse.gov. Archived from the original on January 27, 2017. Retrieved February 19, 2010.
  46. ^ Jackson, Pat (February 18, 2010). "Small plane is crashed into tax offices in Texas". Reuters AlertNet. Retrieved February 18, 2010.
  47. ^ Gallaga, Omar L (February 18, 2010). "New Jersey Web host comments on plane crash-related suicide note site". Digital Savant via Austin360.com. Archived from the original on February 21, 2010. Retrieved February 18, 2010.
  48. ^ Cogan, Marin (February 18, 2010). "Facebook fans praise pilot in plane crash". Politico.com. Retrieved February 23, 2010.
  49. ^ Shiff, Blair (February 18, 2010). "People take to Facebook to defend pilot". KXAN-TV. Archived from the original on February 21, 2010. Retrieved February 23, 2010.
  50. ^ Quigley, Robert (February 18, 2010). "New Facebook Groups Salute Austin Crash Pilot Joe Stack". GeekoSystem. Archived from the original on February 21, 2010. Retrieved February 23, 2010.
  51. ^ Martinez, Edecio; CBS (February 18, 2010). "Joe Stack Was Lone Wolf, Says Austin Police Chief". Crimesider via CBSNews.com. Associated Press. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved February 25, 2016.
  52. ^ Yager, Jordy (February 19, 2010). "Muslim group wants government to call plane attack terrorism". The Hill. Archived from the original on February 23, 2010. Retrieved February 23, 2010.
  53. ^ Madigan, Tim (February 20, 2010). "Experts call Austin plane crash a 'cathartic outburst,' not terrorism". Star-Telegram. Retrieved February 20, 2010.
  54. ^ "Story Emerging on Austin Crash". Daily Kos. February 18, 2010. Archived from the original on February 21, 2010. Retrieved February 21, 2010.
  55. ^ Jonsson, Patrik (February 18, 2010). "Joe Stack: Antitax 'terrorist' or solo IRS-hater?". The Christian Science Monitor. Archived from the original on February 20, 2010. Retrieved February 18, 2010.
  56. ^ Andrea Canning; Lee Ferran (February 22, 2010). "EXCLUSIVE: Stack's Daughter Retracts 'Hero' Statement". ABC News. Archived from the original on February 24, 2010. Retrieved February 23, 2010.
  57. ^ Plohetski, Tony (February 23, 2010). "IRS worker's widow sues pilot's wife". Austin American-Statesman. Archived from the original on February 26, 2010. Retrieved March 10, 2020.
  58. ^ "Joseph Stack's widow offers public condolences to victims". News8 Austin. March 8, 2010. Retrieved March 14, 2010.[permanent dead link‍]
  59. ^ Fang, Lee (February 22, 2010). "Rep. King Justifies Suicide Attack On IRS: Sympathizes With Hatred Of IRS, Hopes For Its Destruction". Think Progress. Archived from the original on February 24, 2010. Retrieved February 24, 2010.
  60. ^ Hancock, Jason (February 24, 2010). "King on suicide pilot: 'I understand the deep frustration with the I.R.S.'". The Iowa Independent. Archived from the original on March 10, 2010. Retrieved February 24, 2010.
  61. ^ "Noam Chomsky on Joe Stack" on YouTube
  62. ^ "Remembering Fascism: Learning From the Past" Archived 2010-04-24 at the Wayback Machine, Truthout.org.
  63. ^ Ball, Andrea (March 1, 2010). "Threats, contempt come with job for IRS workers". Austin American-Statesman. Archived from the original on 2010-03-04. Retrieved 2020-03-10.
[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2010_Austin_suicide_attack&oldid=1248650031#Joseph_Stack"