André Tiraqueau
André Tiraqueau (Latin: Andreas Tiraquellus) (1488–1558) was a French jurist and politician. He is known also as a patron of François Rabelais, and the character Trinquamelle in Gargantua and Pantagruel is traditionally identified with Tiraqueau.[1][2]
Life
[edit]He was a legal humanist based in Fontenay-le-Comte, Poitou, where he knew Amaury Bouchard.[3] He married Marie Cailler, daughter of Artus Caillier, a legal officer at Fontenay; the marriage took place in 1512, when she was still very young, and he proceeded with two works on the Querelle des femmes and married life.[4][5]
Tiraqueau held the local legal offices of juge-châtelain and lieutenant. He was appointed a counsellor of the Parlement of Paris in 1531.[6]
Pierre Bayle included a chapter on "Books and Children" in his Historical and Critical Dictionary calling into question a claim that Tiraqueau fathered 45 children and wrote as many books, creating one of each per year.[7]
Works
[edit]Tiraqueau had a reputation as a prolific writer.
- De legibus connubialibus (1513). This work justifies the legal disabilities of women by appeal to jus gentium and divine law.[8] It began as part of a commentary on the customs of Poitou, and grew through numerous editions.[9]
- De nobilitate et jure primigeniorum (1549).[10] This work addressed the topic of nobility as social status and recognition, picking up from Bartolus who wrote a work with the same title. Tiraqueau's theory followed that of Bartolus, on the political and legal origins of nobility, as opposed to kinship; and integrated it with the French situation and the scientia juris.[11] The theory was undermined in the longer term by the French kings' use of venal office.[12]
He wrote a commentary on the Geniales dies of Alessandro Alessandri.[13]
Tiraqueau's works were collected, firstly in five volumes (1574), and then in seven (Frankfurt, from 1597). The arrangement in the seven-volume edition is:
- I: On nobility and primogeniture;
- II: legal rights in marriage;
- III: law of repossession;
- IV: Cessante causa;
- V: Legacies for pious use, and other works;
- VI: Commentary on Si unquam;
- VII: moderation of punishments.[14]
Friendship with Rabelais
[edit]Rabelais met Tiraqueau during his time as an Observantine Franciscan at Fontenay; he participated in the humanist circle there, in the early 1520s.[15] Tiraqueau was the dedicatee of an edition by Rabelais of the letters of Giovanni Manardi.[16]
As Rabelais was writing his Tiers Livre, Tiraqueau was collecting authorities for his work on nobility (1549). It has been suggested that Rabelais took largely from Tiraqueau's references.[2] Tiraqueau apparently cooled towards Rabelais in later life, and played down his public disagreement with Amaury Bouchard over women (of which Rabelais made much literary use).[17]
Notes
[edit]- ^ Elizabeth A. Chesney, The Rabelais Encyclopedia (2004), p. 247; Google Books.
- ^ a b Edwin M. Duval, The Design of Rabelais's Tiers livre de Pantagruel, p. 136; Google Books.
- ^ Screech, p. 17.
- ^ Plattard, pp. 25–6; Google Books.
- ^ (in French) Etudes rabelaisiennes, Volume 43 (2006), p. 198; Google Books.
- ^ Joan Thirsk, The Rural Economy of England: collected essays (1984), p. 362; Google Books.
- ^ Bayle, Pierre. Historical and Critical Dictionary. Vol. 1. pp. 229–230.
- ^ Constance Jordan, Renaissance Feminism: literary texts and political models (1990), p. 191; Internet Archive.
- ^ Leigh Ann Whaley, Women's History as Scientists: a guide to the debates (2003), p. 51; Google Books.
- ^ Oxford Companion to French Literature, at answers.com.
- ^ Matthew P. Romaniello, Charles Lipp, Contested Spaces of Nobility in Early Modern Europe (2011), p. 151; Google Books.
- ^ John Hearsey McMillan Salmon, Society in Crisis: France in the sixteenth century (1979), p. 112; Google Books.
- ^ Chalmers biography of Alessandri.
- ^ Frederick William Halfpenny, Catalogue of books on foreign law: founded on the collection presented by Charles Purton Cooper, esq., to the Society of Lincoln's Inn. Laws and jurisprudence of France. [Ancient part] (1849), pp. 132–3; Google Books.
- ^ John O'Brien (editor), The Cambridge Companion to Rabelais (2011), p. 15; Google Books.
- ^ Screech, p. 21.
- ^ Plattard, p. 249; Google Books.
References
[edit]- Jean Plattard (1968), The Life of François Rabelais
- M. A. Screech (1979), Rabelais
