Jump to content

Amaravati

Coordinates: 16°30′47″N 80°30′59″E / 16.513100°N 80.516500°E / 16.513100; 80.516500
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Amravati, Andhra Pradesh)
This article is about the capital city of Andhra Pradesh. For other uses, see Amaravati (disambiguation).

Amaravati
Capital city
Clockwise from top:Buildings under construction in Amaravati Government Complex, High Court of Andhra Pradesh in Nelapadu, SRM University, Seed Capital Access road
Map
Interactive Map Outlining Amaravati
Amaravati is located in Andhra Pradesh
Amaravati
Amaravati
Location in Andhra Pradesh
Amaravati is located in India
Amaravati
Amaravati
Location in India
Coordinates: 16°30′47″N 80°30′59″E / 16.513100°N 80.516500°E / 16.513100; 80.516500
Country India
StateAndhra Pradesh
RegionCoastal Andhra
DistrictGuntur
Established2014
Founded byN. Chandrababu Naidu
Named forAmaravati Stupa, Amararama
Government
 • TypeUrban Planning Agency
 • BodyAndhra Pradesh Capital Region Development Authority
Area
[1]
 • Capital city217.23 km2 (83.87 sq mi)
 • Metro
[2][A]
8,352.69 km2 (3,224.99 sq mi)
Elevation
49 m (161 ft)
Population
 (2011)[3]
 • Capital city103,000
 • Metro
[4][5]
5,873,588
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
Pincode(s)
520 XXX, 521 XXX, 522 XXX
Vehicle registrationAP-7, AP-8, AP-39[6]
Official languagesTelugu
WebsiteAmaravati official website
  1. ^ The Amaravati metropolitan area also includes portions of Vijayawada, Guntur, Amaravati, Tenali, Gudivada, Tadepalle, Jaggayyapeta, Mangalagiri, Mopidevi, Nuzvid, Ponnur, Sattenapalle, Challapalle, Nandigama, Ghantasala, Vuyyuru adjoining the APCR.

Amaravati (English: /əməˈrɑːvəθɪ/ ə-muh-rah-vuh-thi, Telugu: Amarāvati) is the capital city of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.[a] It is situated in Guntur district along the right bank of the Krishna River and southwest of Vijayawada. The city is named after the nearby historic site of Amaravathi adjacent to Dharanikota, which was once the capital of the Satavahana dynasty around two millennia ago.[7] Amaravati is part of the Andhra Pradesh Capital Region, which includes the neighboring cities of Vijayawada and Guntur.[8]

Amaravati is an urban notified area. Urban development and planning activities are undertaken by the Amaravati Development Corporation Limited[9] and Andhra Pradesh Capital Region Development Authority (APCRDA).[10] The APCRDA has jurisdiction over the city and the conurbation covering Andhra Pradesh Capital Region.[11] The capital city is spread over an area of 217.23 km2 (83.87 sq mi),[12] and will comprise villages (including some hamlets) from three mandals viz., Mangalagiri, Thullur and Tadepalli.[13] The seed capital is spread over an area of 16.94 km2 (6.54 sq mi).[14]

The bifurcation of Andhra Pradesh in 2014 resulted in the residual state having no capital city, with Hyderabad serving as the state's temporary capital city despite being located in the new state of Telangana. The government under the leadership of N. Chandrababu Naidu founded Amaravati and declared it as Andhra Pradesh state's new capital city. The farmers of Guntur district gave 33,000 acres of land, to the Government of Andhra Pradesh through an innovative land pooling scheme in return for developed plots and lease payments for 10-year period.[15][16] The Prime Minister of India, Narendra Modi laid the foundation stone at Uddandarayunipalem village on 22 October 2015.[17][18] After fast track completion of interim buildings, government legislature and secretariat started operating from the new facilities at Velagapudi from March 2017.[19][20]

Etymology

[edit]

Amaravati literally translates to 'the abode of immortals'. The name has significance from historical, spiritual and mythological points of view. This name was also used in 18th century for a village near Dharanikota, the ancient capital of the Satavahana dynasty.[21]

History

[edit]
Timeline of Amaravati
Date Event
2 June 2014 AP Reorganization Act comes into force
1 September 2014 Location of new Capital City finalized
30 December 2014 APCRDA Act comes into effect
January 2015 Voluntary Land Pooling Scheme announced
March 2015 Consent for 33,000 acres obtained from farmers
6 June 2015 Amaravati City Bhoomi Puja (ground-breaking ceremony) by Chief Minister N. Chandrababu Naidu[22]
22 October 2015 Foundation stone set by Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi[23]
March 2017 Government Legislature and secretariat start functioning from the city
27 December 2018 Chandrababu Naidu lays foundation stone for Andhra Pradesh Permanent secretariat towers[24][25]
3 February 2019 CJI lays foundation stone for Andhra High Court in Amaravati.[26]
31 July 2020 Governor's assent to legislation for three capitals
22 November 2021 Three capitals legislation withdrawn
5 March 2022 High court gives verdict in favour of single capital city
8 June 2024 All Development works have been restarted and work is in progress.[27][28]
Narendra Modi and others at the foundation ceremony of Amaravati
Narendra Modi, PM of India participating in the foundation laying ceremony of Amaravati, with Chandrababu Naidu, CM and ESL Narasimhan, Governor.

Early and Medieval History

[edit]

Dharanikota (Dhānyakatakam) nearby was the capital city of the Satavahana Dynasty of the Andhras. Its history dates back to 2nd Century BCE.[29] The Satavahanas are prominent in the history of Andhra Pradesh. Their main language was Prakrit written using Brahmi Script, which served as the base for the script of Telugu Language. The practice of Buddhism was predominant at that time and the dynasty was partly responsible for the prevalence of Buddhism in the region.[29] The city was also once a holy site of Mahayana Buddhism. The city used to have a large Buddhist Stupa now known as Amaravati Stupa. It was also the centre of Buddhist learning and art with several Buddhist followers from many South East Asian countries visiting.[29]  

The Satavahanas, Ikshvakus, Vishnukundina, Pallavas, Cholas, Kakatiyas, Delhi Sultanate, Musunuri Nayaks, Bahmani Sultanate, Vijayanagara Empire, Sultanate of Golconda and Mughal Empire successively ruled this area before the founding of the Nizamate of Hyderabad in 1724. It was ceded to France in 1750 but was captured by the East India Company in 1759. It was returned to the Nizam in 1768 but was ceded to Britain again in 1788.[30][31][5] As part of the Madras Presidency, it was ruled by Raja Vasireddy Venkatadri Nayudu, hereditary King of Chintalapally who founded the modern Amaravati, near the ruins of the ancient stupa.[32]

Foundation for Amaravati

[edit]

As per the Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014, Hyderabad became the capital of the newly formed state of Telangana, post bifurcation of Andhra Pradesh.[33] The Central Government formed an expert committee to explore alternatives for the new capital of Andhra Pradesh, in accordance with the Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014. The committee was tasked with evaluating the suitability of various locations based on data analysis, site visits, and stakeholder consultations.[34] Its duties included assessing the availability of land, water, and natural resources while considering environmental sustainability and the potential for urban growth. It evaluated transportation options including rail, road and air connectivity between the new capital and other major cities. The committee consisted of several experts from various national institutes.[35]

The establishment of Amaravati as the new capital of Andhra Pradesh involved a land pooling initiative crucial for its development. Chief Minister N. Chandrababu Naidu's administration implemented the Andhra Pradesh Capital Region Development Authority (APCRDA) Act in 2014, which facilitated the creation of a land bank for the new capital.[36] The Act allowed for voluntary land pooling, enabling landowners to surrender their land in exchange for developed plots and financial compensation. The government aimed to acquire approximately 53,748 acres of land from 27 villages. Around 33,733 acres were pooled through this scheme.[37] While many farmers participated, some, particularly from Penumaka and Undavalli, expressed concerns about compensation rates. The pooling process aggregated small land parcels, which were then improved and partially returned to the original owners.[38] The initiative also included annuity payments for ten years, providing financial support to those who surrendered their land.[39] The Chief Minister announced that the new capital of the state would be located around Vijayawada. This decision followed a consultative process and was approved by the State Cabinet on September 1, 2014. Chief Minister Naidu stated that the state planned a decentralized development approach, with three mega cities and 14 smart cities. The announcement came amid calls from the opposition YSR Congress Party for a debate on the capital's location. Chief Minister Naidu emphasized that the decision reflects public sentiment, with nearly 50% of representations received by the Sivaramakrishnan Committee favoring the Vijayawada-Guntur region. He also highlighted the need for Central Government support for capital development and special status for the state as assured during the passage of the State Reorganisation Bill.[40]

On October 22, 2015, following a cabinet meeting where it was unanimously approved, Chief Minister Naidu announced the selection of Amaravathi, an ancient town located on the banks of the Krishna River, as the site for the new capital city. During the foundation-laying ceremony, attended by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, Chief Minister Naidu discussed plans for the capital's development, which aimed to focus on creating an energy-efficient city with industrial hubs. The completion date for the master plan’s first phase was set for May 15, 2016, and plans were proposed for a 200-km ring road to connect Amaravati with Vijayawada and Guntur.[41]

Establishing Governance: The Andhra Pradesh Secretariat and High Court

[edit]

The construction of the temporary Andhra Pradesh Secretariat at Velagapudi, 16 km from Vijayawada, was completed on the October 3, 2016 with a budget of ₹230 crores. By October 17, 2016, five of the six planned blocks began operations. The Secretariat, covering 45 acres, is designed in a G-plus-1 style.[42] The first block houses the Chief Minister's Office, while the others accommodate various ministers and the sixth block is intended for the AP Assembly and Legislative Council.[43] The Andhra Pradesh High Court has also moved to a new temporary building in Amaravati, inaugurated by Chief Justice Ranjan Gogoi. This new court complex includes 16 court halls and a 2.70 lakh square feet office space. Advocates have faced challenges due to a lack of necessary facilities in the new building, including poor broadband and library access. Despite initial difficulties, legal professionals remain optimistic about the future of the new high court and capital city.[44]

Amaravati Protests (2019-2024)

[edit]

2019–2024 Amaravati protests

Amaravati Drone Summit

[edit]
Main article: Amaravati Drone Summit 2024

The Amaravati Drone Summit 2024 is a significant initiative designed to position Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh, as a key hub for drone technology in India. This event is organized by the Andhra Pradesh Drone Corporation in partnership with the Union Civil Aviation Department and the Drone Federation of India, scheduled to be held on October 22 and 23 at the CK Convention in Mangalagiri.[45] Anticipating participation from over 6,900 individuals, including industry professionals, researchers, and students, the summit underscores the increasing interest in drone technology. Among its primary goals are the establishment of a regulatory framework for the drone industry and the promotion of collaboration between government entities, educational institutions, and the private sector.[46] The summit featured a variety of discussions, exhibitions, and workshops centered around drone applications in fields such as agriculture and logistics.[47] A standout feature of the event will be the grand drone show at Punnami Ghat in Vijayawada, which will showcase more than 5,500 drones, making it the largest drone show in India. Attendees can expect a visually stunning display that will include live music, fireworks, and laser effects.[48] The initiative aims to draw investments totaling Rs 2,000 crore and to generate revenue of Rs 6,000 crore over the next five years. Additionally, plans are in place to train more than 20,000 youth as drone pilots, thereby creating job opportunities for at least 30,000 people. Overall, the Amaravati Drone Summit 2024 seeks to encourage innovation and collaboration within the rapidly advancing drone sector.[49]


Geography

[edit]

The city is in Guntur district at the heart of the state, on the banks of the Krishna River located at 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) south-west of Vijayawada, 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) north of Guntur, 45 kilometres (28 mi) south-east of Tenali.[50][51] The city has an area of 217.23 km2 and is spread across 25 villages in 3 mandals (Thullur, Mangalagiri and Tadepalli) of Guntur district. The 25 villages in the Capital City area have about 1 lakh population in about 27,000 households. The AP capital region is spread over Guntur, Palnadu, NTR, and Krishna districts and includes Guntur, Vijayawada and Tenali cities several towns and villages. During winter months, the temperature is between 12 °C and 30 °C. During summer, the temperature is between 17 °C to 45 °C. Climate is very humid in summer with humidity rising up to 68%.[5]

Demographics

[edit]

Population, language and religion

[edit]

In 2024, the city was estimated to have a total population of around 800,000.[52]

Telugu is spoken by the majority of the population. While Hinduism is the majority religion, there are significant Muslim, Christian, and Buddhist communities as well.

Civic administration

[edit]

Settlements

[edit]

The table below lists the identified villages and hamlets under their respective mandals, which became a part of the capital city.[13]

Mandal Settlements
Thullur mandal Abbarajupalem, Ainavolu, Ananthavaram, Borupalem, Dondapadu, Kondarajupalem (de-populated), Lingayapalem (including Modugulankapalem hamlets), Malkapuram, Mandadam (Tallayapalem hamlets), Nekkallu, Nelapadu, Pitchikalapalem, Rayapudi, Sakhamuru, Thulluru, Uddandarayunipalem, Velagapudi, Venkatapalem
Mangalagiri mandal Krishnayapalem, Nidamarru, Kuragallu (including Nerukonda hamlets), Nowlur (including Yerrabalem & Bethapudi hamlets)
Tadepalle mandal Penumaka, Tadepalle (M) (part) (Nulakapet, Dolas Nagar etc.), Undavalli

Notes:

  • M – municipality
  • The names in brackets are the hamlet villages of the respective settlement.

The administration successfully hosted the inaugural Happy Cities Summit in Amaravati in April 2018. The summit saw the participation of 1,500+ delegates from 15+ countries, including eminent city leaders and urban experts.[53]

Planning

[edit]
Amaravati 3D sketch map at APCRDA office

Amaravati is planned to be the people-centric pioneer Smart City of India, built around sustainability and livability principles, and to be the happiest city in the world.[54] Among the innovative features on the drawing board are navigation canals[55] around the city, connecting to an island in the Krishna river. The Government envisaged an investment need of US$2–4 billion for the development of the city.[56]

Criticism that the city would require enormous amounts of energy and resources and would destroy precious natural environments and local livelihoods were raised and alternate plans were proposed.[57]

The city is planned to have 51% green space and 10% of water bodies. It is being modeled on Singapore, with the master plan being prepared by two Singapore government-appointed consultants.[58]

The city construction had a budget of ₹ 553.43 billions out of which state government contribution is only ₹ 126 billion.[59] Government raised money through bonds.[60] The contribution from the government is to be repaid by the CRDA after 2037. Ultimately state or union governments are not incurring any expenditure to construct the city but wholly financed by the income accrued from the sale of land for various development schemes (₹ 171.51 billion), loans and the local taxes (₹ 146.41 billion by 2037) to the CRDA. The state and union governments are expected to earn ₹ 120 billion per annum out of which state goods and services tax (State GST) alone is ₹ 60 billion per annum.[59] The entire city construction is planned by self-financing from loans and land selling with the state government's moral support. CRDA is expecting a net surplus income of ₹ 333 billion by 2037 after meeting the total expenditure on the city. Amaravati government complex which is intended to provide world-class facilities needed for the state government.[61] The bus rapid transit system (BRTS) in Amaravati to connect with the adjacent Vijayawada and Guntur cities by world-class road network is also part of the CRDA project.[62] Both Amaravati government complex and BRTS are planned with an expenditure of ₹ 140 billion.[59]

Nine themed cities consisting of finance, justice, health, sports, media, and Electronics were planned. Several business groups and institutions like Reliance Group, NRDC-India.[63][64][65] Pi Data Centre,[66] HCL Technologies,[67][68] and BRS Medicity proposed to invest in the city.[69][70]

The government explored other means of mass transport like ‘monorail’, Bus Rapid Transit System (BRTS) and tramways.[71] Two new depots, North and South depots of the APSRTC are proposed to be constructed.[72] A proposed Amaravati high-speed circular railway line would connect the city with the nearby cities of Vijayawada, Guntur and Tenali,[73] extending up to a length of 105 km (65 mi) with an estimated cost of ₹10,000 crore (US$1.2 billion). A metro rail project is proposed between the cities of Tenali, Guntur, and Vijayawada with 100 km circular corridor.[74]

Construction

[edit]
Map
Landmarks in Amaravati (Interactive map)

The state government originally engaged the Singapore-based Ascendas-Singbridge and Sembcorp Development consortium for the city's construction. The city's infrastructure was to be developed in 7–8 years in phases, at an estimated cost of ₹33,000 crore. ₹7,500 crore from the Housing and Urban Development Corporation (HUDCO), $500 million from the World Bank and ₹2,500 crore from the Indian Government, of which ₹1,500 crore has been granted.[75] With the change of priorities for the government that came into power in 2019, the Amaravati project has substantially slowed, with no completion deadline in sight.[76]

  • Group-D officers buildings
    Group-D officers buildings
  • MLA Housing Complex at Rayapudi
    MLA Housing Complex at Rayapudi
  • NGO housing
    NGO housing
  • MLC Housing Complex at Rayapudi
    MLC Housing Complex at Rayapudi
  • Amaravati Seed Access Road
    Amaravati Seed Access Road

Economy

[edit]

The agrarian economy is transformed into an urban economy with the formation of capital city.[77]

Education

[edit]

National Institute of Design, SRM University, Andhra Pradesh, Vellore Institute of Technology, Andhra Pradesh, Amrita University, Amity University and the Indo-UK Institute of Health (IUIH) in collaboration with the King's College London, are among others to set up campus in Amaravati.[61] In 2018, the city's first management institute, Xavier School of Management, was under construction near Ainavolu.[78]

Tourism

[edit]

Nearby religious sites include the Amaralingeswara Swamy Temple, and the Amaravati stupa in the Amaravati heritage complex, Dhyana Buddha statue and Undavalli Caves.[79][80][81]

Transport

[edit]

Roads

[edit]

The Amaravati seed capital road is an arterial road under construction to access the core capital area from NH16.[82] The Vijayawada-Amaravati road connects the city with Vijayawada.[83] NH544D connects Anantapur-Guntur instead of the earlier proposed The Amaravati–Anantapur Expressway.[84] Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation (APSRTC) operates buses connecting the city with Vijayawada, Guntur, and Tenali.[85] Auto rickshaws also operate for shorter distances in the capital city area.

Railways

[edit]

The nearest railway stations are Krishna Canal at Tadepalli and Guntur,Vijayawada. However, there are plans to construct an Errupalem–Amaravathi–Nambur railway line which connects Amaravati with Guntur–Krishna Canal section there by connecting with other parts of the state andcountry.

Air

[edit]

Vijayawada International Airport serves the whole Andhra Pradesh Capital Region.[86]

Sports

[edit]

F1H2O Grand Prix of India

[edit]

From 16 to 18 November in 2018, Amaravati hosted the second F1H2O World championship Grand Prix ever held in India. The event brought wide media attention especially after one of the teams took the color and the name of the state, making it the first Indian branded team in the history of F1H2O.[87]

[edit]

Rajadhani Files, Telugu movie was inspired by the events around Amaravati.[88]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Amaravati currently serves as the seat of government where Andhra Pradesh Secretariat, Andhra Pradesh Legislature and High Court of Andhra Pradesh are located.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Declaration of A.P. Capital City Area–Revised orders (PDF). Municipal Administration and Urban Development Department. 22 September 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 July 2018. Retrieved 21 February 2016.
  2. ^ Subba Rao, GVR (23 September 2015). "Capital region expands as CRDA redraws boundaries". The Hindu. Vijayawada. Archived from the original on 24 January 2017. Retrieved 31 October 2015.
  3. ^ "CRDA eyes CSR funds to push job potential in capital city". The Times of India. Guntur. 1 July 2015. Archived from the original on 4 July 2015. Retrieved 18 August 2015.
  4. ^ "Amaravati to be divided into eight urban plan areas". The Hindu. 3 April 2015. Archived from the original on 31 March 2017. Retrieved 21 June 2016.
  5. ^ a b c APCRDA 2017.
  6. ^ "Registration District Codes". Andhra Pradesh Transport Department. 6 December 2019. Archived from the original on 16 January 2020. Retrieved 6 December 2019.
  7. ^ Akbar, Syed (22 October 2015). "After 18 centuries, Amaravati set to become a 'capital' again". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 25 October 2015. Retrieved 2 August 2017.
  8. ^ Mahalakshmi, BV (22 October 2015). "Foundation stone of Andhra Pradesh's new capital Amaravati laid by PM Narendra Modi". The Financial Express. Archived from the original on 1 July 2016. Retrieved 5 June 2016.
  9. ^ "ADCL :: Amaravati Development Corporation Ltd". ccdmc.co.in. Archived from the original on 6 August 2017. Retrieved 6 August 2017.
  10. ^ "New Andhra capital Amaravati to compete for Smart City tag". The New Indian Express. 25 May 2016. Archived from the original on 28 May 2016. Retrieved 6 June 2016.
  11. ^ "AP Capital Region Development Authority comes into being". The Hindu. Hyderabad. 31 December 2014. Archived from the original on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
  12. ^ Sharma, Shantanu Nandan (21 May 2017). "How Andhra Pradesh plans to make its new capital Amaravati a world-class city". The Economic Times. Archived from the original on 5 July 2020. Retrieved 5 July 2020.
  13. ^ a b APCRDA 2016.
  14. ^ "Economic Development Board Andhra Pradesh – Amaravati – The People's Capital". apedb.gov.in. Archived from the original on 18 May 2017. Retrieved 3 May 2017.
  15. ^ "Farmers offer 33,000 acre land for Andhra capital at Amravati". India Today. 18 June 2017. Archived from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 15 August 2019.
  16. ^ "Farmers offer 33,000 acre land for Andhra capital at Amravati". The Hindu Business Line. 18 June 2017. Archived from the original on 28 October 2020. Retrieved 12 January 2019.
  17. ^ "Thousands descend on Andhra village Uddandarayunipalem to watch history in making", The Economic Times, 22 October 2015, archived from the original on 2 August 2017, retrieved 22 October 2015
  18. ^ "Andhra CM scales down Amaravathi foundation fete". Deccan Herald. 15 October 2015. Archived from the original on 25 December 2019. Retrieved 5 July 2020.
  19. ^ "Andhra Pradesh Holds Maiden Budget Session in New Capital Amaravati". News18. 6 March 2017. Archived from the original on 13 August 2019. Retrieved 13 August 2019.
  20. ^ "Amaravati Sustainable Capital City Development Project" (PDF). Amaravati Sustainable Capital City Development Project. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 October 2020. Retrieved 11 July 2020.
  21. ^ Akbar, Syed (7 March 2017). "After 2,200 years, Amaravati gets back its legislation power". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 10 March 2017. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
  22. ^ Pavan, P (7 June 2015). "Naidu performs Bhoomi pooja for AP capital". Bangalore Mirror. Archived from the original on 4 October 2022. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
  23. ^ "PM Modi to lay foundation stone of new Andhra Pradesh capital on October 22". India Today. 27 September 2015 [30 November 1999]. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
  24. ^ Pandey, Ashish (27 December 2018). "Chandrababu Naidu lays foundation stone of Rs 4,890 crore secretariat building in Amaravati". India Today. Archived from the original on 19 March 2020. Retrieved 19 March 2020.
  25. ^ "Andhra CM Chandrababu Naidu lays foundation of govt complex". The Times of India. 27 December 2018. Archived from the original on 21 September 2020. Retrieved 19 March 2020.
  26. ^ "CJI lays foundation stone for Andhra High Court in Amaravati". Outlook India. 3 February 2019. Archived from the original on 19 March 2020. Retrieved 19 March 2020.
  27. ^ "Work to resume in Amaravati as new AP capital ahead of Naidu's swearing-in". The Statesman. 9 June 2024.
  28. ^ Aluri, Srikanth (10 June 2024). "Before Naidu takes over, Amaravati works restarted". the Times of India.
  29. ^ a b c Kosambi, Damodar Dharmanand (1956), "Satavahana Origins", Introduction to the study of India history (second 1975 ed.), Mumbai: Popular Prakashan, pp. 243, 244, ISBN 978-81-7154-038-9
  30. ^ "History of Andhra Pradesh". AP Online. Government of Andhra Pradesh. Archived from the original on 16 July 2012. Retrieved 22 July 2012.
  31. ^ P. Raghunadha Rao (1993). Ancient and medieval history of Andhra Pradesh. Sterling Publishers, 1993. p. iv. Retrieved 9 June 2014.
  32. ^ Potturi Venkateswara Rao (2016). Amaravati Prabhuvu Vasireddy Venkatadri Nayudu. Emesco Books.
  33. ^ "The Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014" (PDF). AP Reorganisation Portal. New Delhi: The Gazette of India Extraordinary. 1 March 2014. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 September 2014. Retrieved 9 February 2015.
  34. ^ "Govt sets up committee to recommend site for new Andhra Pradesh capital". The Economic Times. 4 April 2014. ISSN 0013-0389. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
  35. ^ Network, Knn India-Knowledge & News. "Expert Committee to find new capital of Seemandhra". knnindia.co.in. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
  36. ^ "No capital gains tax for farmers who pooled land for AP capital Amaravati". www.deccanchronicle.com. 1 February 2017. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
  37. ^ "Andhra Pradesh' new capital Amaravati: How the 10 lakh acre land pool problem was cracked". Financialexpress. 24 October 2015. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
  38. ^ "Farmer will be the ultimate gainer from AP's land pooling policy: N Chandrababu Naidu". The Indian Express. 12 July 2017. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
  39. ^ Sharma, Shantanu Nandan (21 May 2017). "How Andhra Pradesh plans to make its new capital Amaravati a world-class city". The Economic Times. ISSN 0013-0389. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
  40. ^ "Andhra capital plan: 3 mega cities, 14 smart cities". BusinessLine. 4 September 2014. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
  41. ^ "Modi lays foundation for Amaravati: As it happened". The Hindu. 22 October 2015. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
  42. ^ "Temporary Secretariat racing towards completion". The Hindu. 25 March 2016. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
  43. ^ PTI. "AP Secretariat starts functioning from interim facility at Amaravati". Deccan Herald. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
  44. ^ Staff, T. N. M. (3 February 2019). "Andhra High Court moves to new building in Amaravati inaugurated by CJI". The News Minute. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
  45. ^ Srinivas, Rajulapudi (20 October 2024). "Over 4,000 participants register for Amaravati Drone Summit". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 22 October 2024.
  46. ^ "Two-day Amaravati Drone Summit to kick off on Tuesday, Andhra to sign two MoUs". The New Indian Express. 22 October 2024. Retrieved 22 October 2024.
  47. ^ "More than 5,000 drones to dazzle at Amaravati Summit". The New Indian Express. 17 October 2024. Retrieved 22 October 2024.
  48. ^ Nagpal, Harshita (22 October 2024). "BotLab sets sights on new international records with 5,500-drone show in Andhra". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 22 October 2024.
  49. ^ Rajpurohit, Amit. "Over 5,000 Drones To Take Part In Amaravati Drone Summit 2024". NDTV.com. Retrieved 22 October 2024.
  50. ^ U Sudhakar Reddy (31 October 2014). "Andhra Pradesh capital to come up on riverfront in Guntur district". Deccan Chronicle. Hyderabad. Archived from the original on 21 December 2020. Retrieved 1 November 2014.
  51. ^ "Explained: Why Amaravati has been chosen as the new Andhra Pradesh capital". The Indian Express. 21 October 2015. Archived from the original on 22 October 2015. Retrieved 22 October 2015.
  52. ^ "Amravati, India Metro Area Population 1950-2024". www.macrotrends.net. Retrieved 3 October 2024.
  53. ^ "Amaravati will be developed as the happiest city in the world". The Hindu. 12 April 2018. Archived from the original on 8 April 2021. Retrieved 23 April 2018.
  54. ^ Sarma, Ch R. S. (10 April 2018). "Amaravati will be developed as the happiest city in the world: Andhra CM". @businessline. Archived from the original on 8 April 2021. Retrieved 10 March 2019.
  55. ^ "Civil works of administrative city to start by November 1: CM". The Times of India. 27 October 2016. Archived from the original on 17 May 2022. Retrieved 10 March 2019.
  56. ^ "Amaravati development needs $2–4 billion investment: Chandrababu Naidu". The Economic Times. 27 August 2018. Archived from the original on 25 September 2022. Retrieved 8 May 2019.
  57. ^ "Amaravati, an Example of Flawed Urban Policy". The Wire. Archived from the original on 3 December 2023. Retrieved 21 March 2024.
  58. ^ Sharma, Shantanu Nandan (21 May 2017). "How Andhra Pradesh plans to make its new capital Amaravati a world-class city". The Economic Times. Archived from the original on 2 July 2018. Retrieved 10 December 2017.
  59. ^ a b c "Amaravati city a self financed project" (in Telugu). Archived from the original on 18 January 2020. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
  60. ^ Sukumar, C. R. (22 August 2018). "Andhra's bonds for Amaravati oversubscribed by 1.5 times". The Economic Times. Archived from the original on 25 March 2019. Retrieved 10 March 2019.
  61. ^ a b APCRDA 2019.
  62. ^ "BRTS planned for Amaravati to tackle vehicle, population growth". 2 March 2018. Archived from the original on 11 April 2018. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
  63. ^ "Amaravati: How Andhra Pradesh plans to make its new capital Amaravati a world-class city". The Economic Times. 21 May 2017. Archived from the original on 2 July 2018. Retrieved 10 December 2017.
  64. ^ "Reliance Group: Reliance Group to set up 3 sports arenas in Amaravati | Amaravati News". The Times of India. 8 December 2017. Archived from the original on 29 August 2018. Retrieved 10 December 2017.
  65. ^ "NRDC keen on opening shop in Amaravati – ANDHRA PRADESH". The Hindu. 20 June 2017. Archived from the original on 7 April 2023. Retrieved 10 December 2017.
  66. ^ Gagan. "Southeast Asia's One of The Largest Data Centre Is Now in Andhra Pradesh". communicationstoday.co.in. Archived from the original on 16 August 2017. Retrieved 16 August 2017.
  67. ^ "HCL to set up IT centres in Amaravati, Vijayawada". The New Indian Express. Archived from the original on 5 February 2024. Retrieved 3 April 2017.
  68. ^ "HCL to set up IT centres in Amaravati, Vijayawada". -Avenue Realty. 31 March 2017. Archived from the original on 8 July 2018. Retrieved 3 April 2017.
  69. ^ "CM lays foundation stone for $1.8-bn BRS Medicity". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 14 September 2018. Retrieved 16 August 2017.
  70. ^ "BRS Medicity Amaravati" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 August 2017. Retrieved 16 August 2017.
  71. ^ "Work at new Secretariat from June 27". The Hans India. Archived from the original on 16 August 2017. Retrieved 3 May 2017.
  72. ^ Krishnamoorthy, Suresh (8 January 2016). "APSRTC cuts losses by Rs. 116 crore". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 5 July 2020. Retrieved 5 July 2020 – via www.thehindu.com.
  73. ^ Raghavendra, V. (20 January 2017). "DPR being prepared for high-speed train to Amaravati". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 20 January 2017. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
  74. ^ "Circular rail line for Amaravati approved". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 13 July 2019. Retrieved 11 January 2017.
  75. ^ G Naga Sridhar (13 May 2017). "Amaravati masterplan: AP to ink MoU with Singapore govt today". Business Line. Archived from the original on 28 May 2020. Retrieved 10 December 2017.
  76. ^ "Question mark over Andhra's capital: How the ambitious plan to build Amaravati has hit a wall". www.timesnownews.com. 21 August 2019. Archived from the original on 25 December 2019. Retrieved 29 November 2019.
  77. ^ "Amaravati and the many dreams that lie shattered with it |". Citizen Matters. 27 January 2020. Archived from the original on 19 March 2020. Retrieved 19 March 2020.
  78. ^ "Stone laid for Amaravati's first management institute". The New Indian Express. 20 January 2019. Archived from the original on 21 January 2019. Retrieved 20 January 2019.
  79. ^ "Welcome to Guntur Official District Website". Archived from the original on 24 September 2017. Retrieved 8 July 2018.
  80. ^ "Archaeological Museum, Amaravati – Archaeological Survey of India". Archived from the original on 29 September 2011. Retrieved 8 July 2018.
  81. ^ "Buddha - Amaravati". www.ancientindia.co.uk. Archived from the original on 4 October 2017. Retrieved 8 July 2018.
  82. ^ "AP CM to take part in Iftar party". The Hans India. 22 June 2016. Archived from the original on 20 June 2018. Retrieved 29 June 2016.
  83. ^ "Four-lane road to Andhra Pradesh new capital soon". The Hindu. Guntur. 6 August 2015. Archived from the original on 27 April 2016. Retrieved 4 June 2016.
  84. ^ "Anantapur-Guntur national highway gets govt's nod". TOI. 14 December 2022. Retrieved 21 May 2023.
  85. ^ "Facelift to Guntur bus stand" (PDF). p. 2. Archived from the original on 16 August 2017. Retrieved 12 May 2017.
  86. ^ "Airports Authority of India | Vijayawada". Archived from the original on 7 March 2022. Retrieved 3 April 2022.
  87. ^ Varma, P. Sujatha (9 November 2018). "The F1H2O World Championship is set to make a splash in Amaravati from November 16 - The Hindu". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 20 December 2020. Retrieved 25 November 2020.
  88. ^ "Rajadhani Files trailer: 600 real-life farmers come together to tell their tale". Hindustan Times. 5 February 2024. Archived from the original on 12 February 2024. Retrieved 14 February 2024.

Bibliography

[edit]
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Amaravati, Guntur district.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Amaravati.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amaravati&oldid=1256798679"