Alcichthys
| Alcichthys | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Scorpaeniformes |
| Family: | Cottidae |
| Subfamily: | Cottinae |
| Genus: | Alcichthys Jordan & Starks, 1904[2] |
| Species: | A. elongatus
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| Binomial name | |
| Alcichthys elongatus (Steindachner, 1881)
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| Synonyms[3][2] | |
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Genus
Species
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Alcichthys is a monospecific genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cottidae, the "typical" sculpins. The only species in the genus is Alcichthys elongatus, which occurs in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.
Taxonomy
[edit]Alcichthys was first proposed as a genus in 1904 by the American ichthyologists David Starr Jordan and Edwin Chapin Starks with its only species being Centridermichthys alcicornis designated as its type species.[2] C. alcicornis had been described in 1890 by the Russian zoologist Solomon Herzenstein with its type locality given as Tokyo, but is now considered to be a junior synonym of Centridermichthys elongatus which had been described by the Austrian ichthyologist Franz Steindachner in 1881 from the Sea of Japan.[4] The 5th edition of Fishes of the World classifies the genus Alcichthys within the subfamily Cottinae of the family Cottidae,[5] however, other authors classify the genus within the subfamily Psychrolutinae of the family Psychrolutidae.[2]
Etymology
[edit]Alcichthys is a combination of alce, from alcicornis which was the specific name of the type species and which means "elk horn", assumed to be for the wide, flat and multipointed spine of the preoperculum, similar to the antlers of an elk, with ichthys, Greek for "fish". The specific name "elongatus" was give because Steindachner described the body as "strongly stretched", in contrast to Bero elegans which he described in same paper.[6]
Distribution and habitat
[edit]Alcichthys is a marine, boreal fish which is known from the northwestern Pacific Ocean, including the Sea of Okhotsk and Japan. It dwells at a depth range of 15 to 269 m (49 to 883 ft), and inhabits rocky reefs.[1]
Biology
[edit]Alcichthys males can reach a maximum total length of 44 cm (17 in), but more commonly reach a TL of 31.5 cm (12.4 in). The maximum recorded weight is 1 kg (2.2 lb).[3]
A. elongatus aggregates during the winter.[1] In the Russian Federation, its spawning season has been reported to occur from April to June.[3] It is preyed on by Gadus macrocephalus (the Pacific cod), Hemitripterus villosus, and Hexagrammos otakii.[3] Its own diet consists of bony fish such as Engraulis japonicus and Sardinops sagax, crabs such as Erimacrus isenbeckii, Oregonia gracilis and spider crabs, euphausiids such as Euphausia pacifica, as well as cephalopods, polychaetes, and debris.[3]
Conservation status
[edit]Alcichthys has a wide distribution in its region, as well as a lack of known threats, save for rare occasions in which it is caught in gill nets, the IUCN redlist currently lists A. elongatus as least concern.[1]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d Nelson, J.; Neely, D.; Matsuura, K.; et al. (2010). "Alcichthys elongatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T154619A4590024. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T154619A4590024.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
- ^ a b c d Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Psychrolutinae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 4 January 2023.
- ^ a b c d e Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Alcichthys elongatus". FishBase. August 2022 version.
- ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Alcidichthys". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 4 January 2023.
- ^ J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Wiley. pp. 467–495. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6. Archived from the original on 2019-04-08. Retrieved 2023-01-04.
- ^ Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (22 October 2022). "Order Perciformes: Suborder Cottoidea: Infraorder Cottales: Family Cottidae (Sculpins)". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 4 January 2023.