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Albert I, Duke of Brunswick

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Albert I the Tall
Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
Prince of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
Reign1269 – 15 August 1279
Born1236
Died15 August 1279
Burial
SpouseElizabeth of Brabant
Adelheid of Montferrat
IssueHenry I
Albert II
William I
Matilda
Luther
HouseHouse of Welf
FatherOtto I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
MotherMatilda of Brandenburg

Albert the Tall (Latin: Albertus Longus, German: Albrecht der Große; 1236 – 15 August 1279), a member of the House of Welf, was Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg from 1252 and the first ruler of the newly created Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel from 1269 until his death.

Life

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Albert was the oldest surviving son of the first Brunswick duke Otto the Child and his wife, Matilda of Brandenburg.[1] When his father died in 1252, he took over the rule of the duchy. In 1267 the duchy was divided between Albert and his younger brother John.[2]

Albert's rule was initially troubled by several armed conflicts as the Welf dukes still had to cope with the followers of the extinct Hohenstaufen dynasty within their dominions. In 1260/61 Albert's troops fought against the Danish duke Eric I of Schleswig on behalf of Queen Margaret Sambiria and her minor son King Eric V of Denmark. In 1263 the duke quite luckless interfered in the War of the Thuringian Succession to support the claims raised by his mother-in-law Sophie of Brabant.

On 31 May 1267, the brothers agreed to divide the Welf lands, which happened in 1269. Albert partitioned the territory while John obtained the right to choose his part. He took the northern half including the region of Lüneburg, Celle and the city of Hanover, while Albert received the southern part around the cities of Brunswick and Wolfenbüttel, stretching from the area around the Calenberg hill to the town of Helmstedt, the Harz mountain range, and Göttingen. The Brunswick residence itself was to remain common property of the brothers.

Albert then concentrated on the development of his hereditary lands. During the Imperial interregnum, he sided with the rising Bohemian king Ottokar II until his final defeat in the 1278 Battle on the Marchfeld. When his brother John died in 1277, he took over the guardianship for his minor nephew Otto II of Brunswick-Lüneburg.

Albert died on 15 August 1279 and is buried at Brunswick Cathedral. He was succeeded by his elder three sons, the younger three joined the Church.

Marriage and children

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In 1254, Albert married Elizabeth of Brabant (1243 – October 9, 1261),[3] daughter of Duke Henry II of Brabant and Sophie of Thuringia. They had no children.[4]

After Elizabeth's death in 1261, Albert married Adelheid (Alessia) (1242 – February 6, 1284/85),[5] daughter of Margrave Boniface II of Montferrat around 1263. Once widowed she married Gerhard I, Count of Holstein-Itzehoe. Albert and Adelheid had the following children:

References

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  1. ^ a b c Loud & Schenk 2017, p. xxi.
  2. ^ Loud & Schenk 2017, p. 20.
  3. ^ Ancelet-Hustache 1947, p. 406.
  4. ^ Chronica Principum Brunsvicensium, MGH SS XXX.1, p. 26.
  5. ^ Carpenter 2023, p. 498.

Sources

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  • Ancelet-Hustache, Jeanne (1947). Sainte Élisabeth de Hongrie (in French). Éditions franciscaines.
  • Carpenter, David (2023). Henry III: Reform, Rebellion, Civil War, Settlement, 1258-1272. Yale University Press.
  • Loud, Graham A.; Schenk, Jochen, eds. (2017). The Origins of the German Principalities, 1100-1350: Essays by German Historians. Routledge.
  • Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, vol. 1, p. 257-261[permanent dead link]
  • At the House of Welf site


Albert I, Duke of Brunswick
Cadet branch of the House of Este
Born: 1236 Died: 15 August 1279
German nobility
Preceded by Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
jointly with John

1252–1269
Partitioning among the rulers
Principality of Wolfenbüttel partitioned from the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
Prince of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel

1269–1277
Succeeded by