ACP1

ACP1
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 1XWW, 3N8I, 4Z99, 4Z9A, 4Z9B, 5PNT
Identifiers
Aliases	ACP1, HAAP, LMW-PTP, acid phosphatase 1, soluble, LMWPTP, acid phosphatase 1
External IDs	OMIM: 171500; MGI: 87881; HomoloGene: 38274; GeneCards: ACP1; OMA:ACP1 - orthologs
EC number	3.1.3.2
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 2 (human) Band 2p25.3 Start 264,140 bp End 278,283 bp
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 12 (mouse) Band 12|12 A2 Start 30,943,325 bp End 30,961,588 bp
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in sperm Achilles tendon left adrenal gland right adrenal cortex left adrenal cortex ventricular zone islet of Langerhans body of pancreas right testis embryo Top expressed in embryo embryo genital tubercle right kidney tail of embryo blastocyst ventricular zone yolk sac spermatid muscle of thigh More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function protein tyrosine phosphatase activity phosphatase activity phosphoprotein phosphatase activity hydrolase activity protein binding non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine phosphatase activity acid phosphatase activity Cellular component cytoplasm cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane extracellular exosome cytosol sarcolemma Biological process protein dephosphorylation peptidyl-tyrosine dephosphorylation Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 52 11431 Ensembl ENSG00000143727 ENSMUSG00000044573 UniProt P24666 Q9D358 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001040649 NM_004300 NM_007099 NM_177554 NM_001110239 NM_021330 RefSeq (protein) NP_001035739 NP_004291 NP_009030 NP_001103709 NP_067305 Location (UCSC) Chr 2: 0.26 – 0.28 Mb Chr 12: 30.94 – 30.96 Mb PubMed search
Wikidata
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Low molecular weight phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ACP1 gene.

The product of this gene belongs to the phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase family of proteins. It functions as an acid phosphatase and a protein tyrosine phosphatase by hydrolyzing protein tyrosine phosphate to protein tyrosine and orthophosphate. This enzyme also hydrolyzes orthophosphoric monoesters to alcohol and orthophosphate. This gene is genetically polymorphic, and three common alleles segregating at the corresponding locus give rise to six phenotypes. Each allele appears to encode at least two electrophoretically different isozymes, Bf and Bs, which are produced in allele-specific ratios. Three transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene.

Clinical significance

Clinically, increased expression of ACP1 is a biomarker for poor prognosis in prostate cancer has been linked to worse clinical behaviour of prostate cancer, possibly outperforming the widely used Gleason grading system with respect to this important parameter. Also in other cancers, e.g. colon cancer, high ACP1 protein levels are linked to aggressive disease. It has been suggested that ACP1 acts as a bona fide oncogene, but for now this notion remains unproven even if ACP1 overexpression drives cells towards a Warburg effect-like glycolytic phenotype. Apart from cancer, ACP1 has also been linked to osteoporosis as the enzyme plays an important role in the interaction of the osteocyte with the bone environment, while its inhibition appears useful for counteracting experimental [venous thromboembolism]. Currently, there are no clinically approved inhibitors that allow targeting ACP1 in patients.

Interactions

ACP1 has been shown to interact with EPH receptor A2 and EPH receptor B1. The proto-oncogene Src has been suggested to be a direct target for ACP1 tyrosine phosphatase activity, but this has not been formally proven.

External links

• Human ACP1 genome location and ACP1 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.
• Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt: P24666 (Human Low molecular weight phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase) at the PDBe-KB.
• Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt: Q9D358 (Mouse Low molecular weight phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase) at the PDBe-KB.

Further reading

• Junien C, Kaplan JC, Bernheim A, Berger R (April 1979). "Regional assignment of red cell acid phosphatase locus to band 2p25". Human Genetics. 48 (1): 17–21. doi:10.1007/BF00273269. PMID 457131. S2CID 422040.
• Sensabaugh GF, Golden VL (September 1978). "Phenotype dependence in the inhibition of red cell acid phosphatase (ACP) by folates". American Journal of Human Genetics. 30 (5): 553–560. PMC 1685602. PMID 736044.
• Shekels LL, Smith AJ, Van Etten RL, Bernlohr DA (June 1992). "Identification of the adipocyte acid phosphatase as a PAO-sensitive tyrosyl phosphatase". Protein Science. 1 (6): 710–721. doi:10.1002/pro.5560010603. PMC 2142247. PMID 1304913.
• Wo YY, McCormack AL, Shabanowitz J, Hunt DF, Davis JP, Mitchell GL, Van Etten RL (May 1992). "Sequencing, cloning, and expression of human red cell-type acid phosphatase, a cytoplasmic phosphotyrosyl protein phosphatase". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 267 (15): 10856–10865. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(19)50097-7. PMID 1587862.
• Dissing J, Johnsen AH (June 1992). "Human red cell acid phosphatase (ACP1): the primary structure of the two pairs of isozymes encoded by the ACP1*A and ACP1*C alleles". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Protein Structure and Molecular Enzymology. 1121 (3): 261–268. doi:10.1016/0167-4838(92)90155-7. PMID 1627603.
• Dissing J, Johnsen AH, Sensabaugh GF (November 1991). "Human red cell acid phosphatase (ACP1). The amino acid sequence of the two isozymes Bf and Bs encoded by the ACP1*B allele". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 266 (31): 20619–20625. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)54754-2. PMID 1939112.
• Wakita Y, Narahara K, Takahashi Y, Kikkawa K, Kimura S, Oda M, Kimoto H (1986). "Duplication of 2p25: confirmation of the assignment of soluble acid phosphatase (ACP1) locus to 2p25". Human Genetics. 71 (3): 259–260. doi:10.1007/BF00284586. PMID 4065897. S2CID 10610694.
• Blake NM, Kirk RL, Barnes KR, Thompson JM (June 1973). "Expression of human red cell acid phosphatase activity in placenta and other tissues". Jinrui Idengaku Zasshi. The Japanese Journal of Human Genetics. 18 (1): 10–23. PMID 4356849.
• Sensabaugh GF, Lazaruk KA (July 1993). "A TaqI site identifies the *A allele at the ACP1 locus". Human Molecular Genetics. 2 (7): 1079. doi:10.1093/hmg/2.7.1079-a. PMID 8364553.
• Bryson GL, Massa H, Trask BJ, Van Etten RL (November 1995). "Gene structure, sequence, and chromosomal localization of the human red cell-type low-molecular-weight acid phosphotyrosyl phosphatase gene, ACP1". Genomics. 30 (2): 133–140. doi:10.1006/geno.1995.9893. PMID 8586411.
• Tailor P, Gilman J, Williams S, Couture C, Mustelin T (February 1997). "Regulation of the low molecular weight phosphotyrosine phosphatase by phosphorylation at tyrosines 131 and 132". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 272 (9): 5371–5374. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.9.5371. PMID 9038134.
• Stein E, Lane AA, Cerretti DP, Schoecklmann HO, Schroff AD, Van Etten RL, Daniel TO (March 1998). "Eph receptors discriminate specific ligand oligomers to determine alternative signaling complexes, attachment, and assembly responses". Genes & Development. 12 (5): 667–678. doi:10.1101/gad.12.5.667. PMC 316584. PMID 9499402.
• Modesti A, Marzocchini R, Raugei G, Chiti F, Sereni A, Magherini F, Ramponi G (July 1998). "Cloning, expression and characterisation of a new human low Mr phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase originating by alternative splicing". FEBS Letters. 431 (1): 111–115. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(98)00732-7. PMID 9684876. S2CID 38383291.
• Zhang M, Stauffacher CV, Lin D, Van Etten RL (August 1998). "Crystal structure of a human low molecular weight phosphotyrosyl phosphatase. Implications for substrate specificity". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 273 (34): 21714–21720. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.34.21714. PMID 9705307.
• Tailor P, Gilman J, Williams S, Mustelin T (June 1999). "A novel isoform of the low molecular weight phosphotyrosine phosphatase, LMPTP-C, arising from alternative mRNA splicing". European Journal of Biochemistry. 262 (2): 277–282. doi:10.1046/j.1432-1327.1999.00353.x. PMID 10336608.
• Huang L, Sankar S, Lin C, Kontos CD, Schroff AD, Cha EH, et al. (December 1999). "HCPTPA, a protein tyrosine phosphatase that regulates vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-mediated signal transduction and biological activity". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 274 (53): 38183–38188. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.53.38183. PMID 10608891.
• Nicolas G, Fournier CM, Galand C, Malbert-Colas L, Bournier O, Kroviarski Y, et al. (May 2002). "Tyrosine phosphorylation regulates alpha II spectrin cleavage by calpain". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 22 (10): 3527–3536. doi:10.1128/MCB.22.10.3527-3536.2002. PMC 133798. PMID 11971983.
• Bottini N, Stefanini L, Williams S, Alonso A, Jascur T, Abraham RT, et al. (July 2002). "Activation of ZAP-70 through specific dephosphorylation at the inhibitory Tyr-292 by the low molecular weight phosphotyrosine phosphatase (LMPTP)". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (27): 24220–24224. doi:10.1074/jbc.M202885200. PMID 11976341.
• Bottini N, Ammendola M, Gloria-Bottini F (July 2002). "ACP1 is associated with allergy". Allergy. 57 (7): 651–652. doi:10.1034/j.1398-9995.2002.23722.x. PMID 12100313. S2CID 42578825.
• Kikawa KD, Vidale DR, Van Etten RL, Kinch MS (October 2002). "Regulation of the EphA2 kinase by the low molecular weight tyrosine phosphatase induces transformation". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (42): 39274–39279. doi:10.1074/jbc.M207127200. PMID 12167657.