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2nd Florida Infantry Regiment

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2nd Florida Infantry Regiment
ActiveJuly 1861 – April 10, 1865
Country Confederate States of America
Allegiance Florida
Branch Confederate States Army
RoleInfantry
Part ofArmy of Northern Virginia
EngagementsAmerican Civil War
Commanders
Notable
commanders		George Taliafero Ward
Edward A. Perry

The 2nd Florida Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment that fought in service of the Confederate States Army in the American Civil War.

History

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The 2nd Florida was organized near Jacksonville, Florida on July 13, 1861, and mustered into Confederate service for a twelve-month term of enlistment with a total of one 1,185 officers and enlisted men. The regiment fielded twelve companies in total, two more than were typically authorized for an infantry regiment.The unit elected George T. Ward as its commander. Records indicate that the unit, at its founding, had an average age of twenty-three. Roughly 3% of the unit was Northern-born, including future regimental commander, Edward A. Perry. About 7% were Foreign-born; fourteen from Ireland, seven from Germany or Prussia, three from England, and one each from Canada, Cuba, Italy, Norway, and Russia. A further 3% were of Hispanic descent.[1]

In the summer of 1861, the regiment was sent to the Eastern Theater of the war and placed in the Confederacy's main army in Virginia. After arriving in Richmond on July 21, 1861, the 2nd Florida spent the next few weeks drilling and guarding Union soldiers captured after the First Battle of Manassas.

Lewis Powell, one of John Wilkes Booth's co-conspirators, lied and stated that he was 19 years old (rather than his true age of 17) in order to enlist with the Jasper Blues, Company I of the regiment. It was during their deployment in Richmond that Powell is believed to have met Booth. He secured a pass one evening and went into the city to see a play in which Booth was one of the actors.[2]

The regiment first saw combat the following year during the Peninsula Campaign. It was at the Williamsburg, on May 5, 1862, that Col. Ward was shot and killed. Several days later, the unit voted to elect Edward A. Perry as their commander.[3] The unit also participated in the battles of Seven Pines, Gaines Mill, and Malvern Hill.

Following the Peninsula Campaign, the 2nd Florida was assigned to the newly formed Florida Brigade alongside the 5th and 8th Florida. The 2nd Florida's Colonel Perry was promoted to brigadier general and given command of the brigade. Perry's Brigade served under Anderson's Division of Longstreet's First Corps, of the Army of Northern Virginia.[4]

As a component of Perry's Brigade, the 2nd Florida continued to serve through the Army of Northern Virginia's campaigns. Through the remainder of 1862, the regiment participated in the Battles of Second Manassas in August, Battle of Antietam in September, and Fredericksburg in December. In May 1863, the 2nd Florida fought in the Battle of Chancellorsville. As the Army of Northern Virginia began preparations for its invasion of Pennsylvania, Brig. Gen. Perry fell ill with typhoid and command of the Florida Brigade devolved to Colonel David Lang of the 8th. The Florida Brigade was engaged at the Battle of Gettysburg and participated in Pickett's Charge on the battle's third and final day.

After the Battles of the Wilderness and Spotsylvania in 1864, the brigade was joined by the victors of the Battle of Olustee, the 9th, 10th, and 11th Regiments. Brigadier General Joseph Finegan, the commander of Florida forces at Olustee, took command of the Florida Brigade.[5]

The remainder of 1864 saw the 2nd Florida fight at the Battle of Cold Harbor in June and settle into static defenses at the Siege of Petersburg. Following the fall of Petersburg and Richmond the following spring, the Florida Brigade retreated with the Army of Northern Virginia and surrendered at Appomattox Court House on April 9, 1865. By the time of surrender, the regiments of the brigade were dramatically understrength. The 2nd, 5th, and 8th surrendered 68, 53, and 32 men respectively. The 9th, 10th, and 11th surrendered 124, 162, and 23. Most of the 11th had been cut off in the Army's retreat and had previously surrendered.[6]

On May 2, 1905, Florida held a celebration to honor the U.S. government returning the 2nd Florida's battle flag to the state.[7]

Companies

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Company County Nickname Commanders
A Escambia Pensacola Rifle Rangers Captains Edward A. Perry and W.D. Ballantine
B Alachua Alachua Guards Captains Lew. Williams and R.G. Jerkins
C Columbia Columbia Rifles Captains Walter R. Moore and H.E. Stokes
D Leon Leon Rifles Captains Theodore W. Brevard Jr. and M.J.C. Musgrove
E Marion Hammock Guards Captains John D. Hopkins, William E. McCaslin, James H. Johnson, and Patrick P.L. Todd
F Jackson Gulf States Guards Captains James F. McClellan, J. Henry Pooser, Tillinghast Harrison, and Ben F. Watts
G St. John St. John's Grays Captains J. Jacquelin Daniels, Charles F. Flagg, Thomas M. Brown, and C. Seton Fleming
H Putnam St. Augustine Rifles Captains John W. Starke, Alexander Moseley, and A. M. Carlisle
I Hamilton Jasper Blues Captains Henry J. Stewart and Moses L. Duncan
K Nassau Davis Guards Captains George W. Call, A.C. Butler, and John B.G. Oneil
L Madison Madison Rangers Captains William P. Pillans, Thomas A. Perry, W. H. H. Rogers, and W. H. Croom
M Hamilton Howell Guards Captains George W. Parkhill, Richard C. Parkhill, Elliott L. Hampton, Amos Whitehead, John Day Perkins, and Julian Betton

[8][9]

Engagements and Battles

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1862

1863

1864-1865

Assignments

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Colonel George T. Ward
Officers of the 2nd Infantry Regiment
Rank Name
Colonel George Taliafero Ward (Leon Co.)
Colonel Edward A. Perry (Escambia Co.)
Lt. Col. Samuel St. George Rogers (Marion Co.)
Major William T. Ballantine
Major George W. Call (Madison Co.)
Major Walter R. Moore (Columbia Co.)
Major Lewis G. Pyles (Alachua Co.)

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Waters, Zack C.; Edmonds, James C. (2010). A Small but Spartan Band. Tuscaloosa, AL.: University Alabama Press. pp. 9–10. ISBN 9780817357740.
  2. ^ Prior, Leon O. (July 1964). "Lewis Payne, Pawn of John Wilkes Booth". The Florida Historical Quarterly. 43 (1): 1–4. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
  3. ^ Waters & Edmonds, pg. 15-16
  4. ^ Hawk, Robert (1986). Florida's Army : Militia, State Troops, National Guard, 1565-1985 (1st ed.). Englewood, Fla.: Pineapple Press. p. 96. ISBN 978-0910923347.
  5. ^ Hawk 1986, p. 98.
  6. ^ Hawk 1986, p. 100.
  7. ^ CALL FAMILY PAPERS (continued) - Box: 3 Folder: 38 Item: 1. . State Archives of Florida, Florida Memory. <https://www.floridamemory.com/items/show/181180>, accessed 23 December 2022.
  8. ^ "2nd Regiment, Florida Infantry". National Park Service. Retrieved 9 November 2023.
  9. ^ Robertson, Fred L. (ed.). Soldiers of Florida in the Seminole Indian - Civil and Spanish American Wars (Transcription). Board of State Institutions.
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