Central Committee of the 27th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
The Central Committee of the 27th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was in session from 1986 until 1990.[1] Its 1st Plenary Session elected the Politburo, the Secretariat and the Party Control Committee of the 27th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
History
[edit]Election and composition
[edit]The 27th Congress witnessed the greatest turnover of Central Committee members in the party's history since 22nd Party Congress (held in 1961) during Nikita Khrushchev's leadership.[2] The numbers of full membership were reduced from 319 in the 26th Central Committee to 307, while candidate membership was increased from 151 to 170.[3] Of the 307 full members elected to the 27th Central Committee, 102 (making up 33 percent of membership) were newcomers.[4] 25 officials, who had previously served as candidate members in the 26th Central Committee, were promoted to full membership.[4] In total 125 new full members were appointed, making up 41 percent.[4] 182 members (59 percent) were reelected to the 27th Central Committee, a decrease from the 26th Congress, in which 238 (75 percent) were reelected.[4] Of the 170 candidate members, 54 (32 percent) were reelected, while the other 116 were newcomers.[4] The 1st Plenary Session elected Lev Zaykov (then First Secretary of the Leningrad City Party Committee) to full membership in the Politburo, while Nikolay Slyunkov (Communist Party of Byelorussia First Secretary) and Yuri Solovyev (First Secretary of the Leningrad Regional Party Committee) were given Politburo candidate membership.[5] The plenum elected five newcomers to the Secretariat; Alexandra Biryukova (the first women to hold high party office since Yekaterina Furtseva in the Khrushchev era), Anatoly Dobrynin, Vadim Medvedev, Georgy Razumovsky and Alexander Yakovlev.[5] The 1st Plenary Session reelected Mikhail Gorbachev to the office of the general secretary.[6]
In a similar vein, Gorbachev managed to get close advisers elected to the Central Committee.[3] Anatoly Chernyaev (Gorbachev's foreign adviser) and Anatoly Lukyanov, (head of the party's General Department) were promoted to full membership, while Valery Boldin was elected to the 27th Central Committee as a candidate member.[3] Several figures within the Central Academy of Social Sciences, most notably Evgeny Velikhov, were appointed to the Central Committee as candidate members.[3] Notably the 27th Congress did not reelect Richard Kosolapov, the longtime editor of the party's theoretical journal Kommunist, and was replaced by Ivan Frolov.[3] Several Brezhnev appointed heads of Central Committee departments failed to be reelected to the Central Committee; Ivan Sakhnyuk (Agricultural-Machine Building Department), Kirill Simonov (Transport and Communications Department) and Vasily Shauro (Culture Department).[7] Nikolay Savkin (Administrative Organs Department) and Vladimir Karlov (Agriculture and Food Industry Department) were the two last remaining Central Committee departments heads appointed by Brezhnev.[7] Of the 23 department heads, fourteen were replaced by the 1st Plenary Session.[8] Four leading officials from the Brezhnev era, who retired from the Politburo and the Secretariat at the 27th Congress, were reelected to the Central Committee; Nikolai Tikhonov (former chairman of the Council of Ministers), Nikolai Baibakov (the former chairman of the State Planning Committee), Boris Ponomarev (former head of the International Department) and Vasili Kuznetsov (the former first deputy chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet).[9]
Tenure
[edit]Combating party formalism; 1st–2nd Plenary Sessions
[edit]The newly elected leadership was united in supporting reforms, principally behind the slogan uskoreniye (literally "acceleration"), which called for improving the Soviet economy,[6] and to combat formalism[further explanation needed], corruption, nepotism and centralism within the party.[6] Beginning in March 1985, the Central Committee (through the Soviet press) began criticizing the norms and organizational habits of the party; criticism increased by the discovery of corruption rings in the communist parties of Kazakhstan (CPK, Kirghizia (CPKi), Turkmenistan (CPT), Moldavia (CPM), Uzbekistan (CPU) and Azerbaijan (ACP).[10] The policy of appointing officials on the basis of "personal loyalty, servility and protectionism" were blamed on the party's subpar performance in certain areas, and in areas in which this was not the case, the Central Committee focused on the lack of inner-party democracy.[11] To strengthen party democracy, Gorbachev called for an increase in criticism and self-criticism (claiming it was as critical "for us as air")[12] to overcome "'paradeness, ballyhoo . . . [and] the embellishment of reality".[13] An article in Pravda noted that "In some places people try to 'prepare' the discussion in such a way as to avoid any tricky issues in it. Speeches are usually made only by 'staff' speakers, usually in a predetermined order. Things even go as far as the editing of draft texts of speeches."[13] Meetings became ceremonial, and lacked effective power—which led local authorities to misinform the central authorities on the situation in the given area.[13] All forms of "window-dressing", or hiding abuses of power in general, were to be stopped.[14] In the current situation, Solovyev noted;[14]
The main demand which the party makes under modern conditions on the party committee secretary and the staff officer is ensuring that nowhere, under no circumstances, does word part from deed since any discrepancy here causes palpable damage to the authority of our policy and cannot be tolerated in any form.[14]
Boris Griaznov, the First Secretary of the Frunze District Party Committee, was signalled out as an official "'accustomed to stagnation, encouraged ostentation, ignored collective opinion, lost the feeling of party comradeship, and only pretended to be carrying out restructuring",[14] while party leaders in Kazakhstan had difficulty of ridding"themselves of elements of excessive administration and a commander-like style [behaviour]".[14] The central leadership continued to highlight the party work ethics of first secretaries at every level; at the 2nd Plenary Session Gorbachev condemned certain localities of not committing themselves to the new work-style.[14] In other cases, as noted by Gorbachev, party leaders did not know how to react to criticism or how to introduce changes, noting that "Sometimes words are substituted for deeds, no action is taken in response to criticism, and self-criticism takes the form of self-flagellation."[15] Historian Graeme Gill asserts;[16]
"complaints about the way in which the party was operating which resounded through the press in 1985 and 1986 amounted to a condemnation of the party's organisational culture. [...] During the first eighteen months or so of Gorbachev's tenure as General Secretary, there seems to have been a general underestimation of the strength and sources of this culture and of what was necessary to eradicate it. The heart of the solution the Gorbachev leadership pursued was thoroughly traditional in the Soviet context, personnel.[16]
Collectivity of leadership, and collectivism in general, was hailed as "a reliable guarantee against the adoption of volitional, subjective decisions, manifestations of the cult of personality, and the infringement of Leninist norms of party life."[17] In tandem, the Central Committee began calling for psychological restructuring of party members.[17] However, since the 27th Congress failed to create institutions which oversaw the implementation of these measures (and others), individual members who had no interest in changing their work habits were not punished.[17] The reason for the lack of oversight was Gorbachev's belief that the party was a "healthy organism", and as Graeme Gill concludes, "A healthy organism clearly did not need radical institutional surgery."[18] When it became clear to Gorbachev that the reforms to "invigorate" the party had failed, the reform consensus within the leadership was split asunder.[19] Gorbachev began moving in a more radical directions, while several prominent colleagues in the Politburo, Secretariat and the Central Committee opposed his new measures.[19] The schism in the leadership led to the failure to convene the 3rd Plenary Session in the last half of 1986 (being postponed to January 1987).[19] Nonetheless, before the 3rd Plenary Session, the Central Committee was able to remove Dinmukhamed Konayev, the CPK First Secretary.[20] The removal of Konayev, who was widely perceived to support an out-dated work ethic and to be corrupt, led to the Jeltoqsan riots when it was discovered that Konayev would be replaced by Gennady Kolbin, an ethnic Russian who had never lived in the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic.[21]
Democratization: 3rd–7th Plenary Sessions
[edit]On 23 December 1985, the Politburo appointed Boris Yeltsin, an official from Sverdlovsk, First Secretary of the Moscow City Committee (de facto mayor of Moscow).[22] Gorbachev had endorsed the appointment, heeding the advice of Yegor Ligachev (the party's informal second-in-command) who personally recommended him.[23] In contrast, Nikolai Ryzhkov told Gorbachev in private that "He [Yeltsin] will cause you only grief. I would not recommend him."[23] Yeltsin, who had introduced himself as something of a centrist at the 27th Congress, proved himself to be a supporter of radical change, going even as far, as on 19 January 1986, of criticising Gorbachev personally for "exaggerat[ing] the changes that had occurred" during his leadership.[24]
Gorbachev opened the 3rd Plenary Session by criticising the party's performance, claiming the party's failure to reform was due to "conservatism and inertia, lenience and lack of demandingness, toadyism and personal adulation, red tape, formalism, intolerance and suppression of criticism, ambition and careerism, administration by decree, permissiveness, mutual coverups, careerism, departmentalism, parochialism, nationalism, substitutionism, a weakening of the role of party meetings and elective bodies,embezzlement, bribery, report-padding and violation of discipline."[25] The cure for this "disease" was "demokratizatsiya", literally the democratization of society.[25] He called for open, democratic debates in the primary party organizations and to allow a secret ballot during plenary sessions of the district, area, city, region and territory party committees and the central committees of the republican parties to elect the executive organs.[25] This was an attack on the nomenklatura, a system in which leading officials appointed the cadres at the level below, the basis of the Soviet system.[26] The plenary session opposed his suggestions, and while his criticisms were mentioned in the Resolution of the 3rd Plenary Session, the idea of multi-candidate elections within the Party were omitted from the text.[27]
In preparation of the 4th Plenary Session, Gorbachev had prepared a speech on Soviet and Party history.[28] In it he condemned the rule of Joseph Stalin and Stalinism in general, but the speech was amended by Politburo.[28] Conservatives such as Ligachev, Andrei Gromyko, Mikhail Solomentsev and Vitaly Vorotnikov did not share Gorbachev's views, or at least, did not support a public anti-Stalinist proclamation.[28] Despite the conservative reaction, Gorbachev was able to rehabilitate Nikolay Bukharin and Nikita Khrushchev, while referring to Stalin's repressive regime as "immense and unpardonable".[28]
"People have often asked me—and later I asked myself the same question—why didn't Gorbachev decide to get me out of the way once and for all [in 1987]. . . . I could easily have been pensioned off or sent as ambassador to some faraway country. Yet Gorbachev let me stay in Moscow, gave me a relatively high placed job, and, in effect, kept a determined opponent close by him. It is my belief that if Gorbachev didn't have a Yeltsin, he would have had to invent one.... In this real-life production, the parts have been appropriately cast, as in a well-directed play. There is the conservative Ligachev, who plays the villain; there is Yeltsin, the bully-boy, the madcap radical; and the wise omniscient hero is Gorbachev himself. That, evidently, is how he sees it."
—Boris Yeltsin on his appointment as First Deputy Chairman of the State Committee for Construction.[29]
The 4th Plenary Session was supposed to discuss economic reforms, but instead of focusing on the matter at hand Yeltsin, according to Gorbachev, attacked the speed of perestroika, the work of the Secretariat and Ligachev personally.[30] From this point on, the relationship between Gorbachev and Yeltsin would only grow worse—however, by this time, the press mistakenly had begun to present Yeltsin as Gorbachev's closest reformist associate in the Politburo.[30] In the summer of 1987, when Gorbachev was on vacation, Ligachev (on Gorbachev's bidding) led the party apparatus (and chaired the meetings of the Politburo).[31] On 10 September he organized an Inquiry Commission of the Central Committee to investigate the performance of the Moscow City Committee under Yeltsin's stewardship—Yeltsin reacted to the inquiry by becoming the first Politburo member in history to willingly resign from his seat.[30] In respsonse Gorbachev told Yeltsin they could discuss the situation after the 70th Anniversary of the October Revolution.[32] At the 5th Plenary Session, which was devoted to the aforementioned anniversary, Yeltsin completely broke by protocol by denouncing Gorbachev and Ligachev personally, and resigned from the Politburo.[32] The central leadership reacted in kind, by criticizing him at the plenary session; Yakovlev contended that he had been "reacting immaturely to 'petty offenses'", while Ryzhkov accused him of being driven by "ambition pure and simple".[33] Soon after his resignation, Yeltsin was hospitalized, either for suffering a heart attack (as Yeltsin contends) or for "a fake suicide attempt with scissors" (as Gorbachev and the members of the central leadership contends).[34] At a session of the Moscow City Committee on 11 November 1987, the party leadership dragged Yeltsin out of the hospital and forced him to attend the meeting in which he was relieved of his duties as First Secretary and unceremoniously humiliated.[32] The meeting proved to be a mistake; the Soviet populace began sympathising with Yeltsin—a problem which was compounded "by the mistake" of Gorbachev attending the Moscow City Committee session.[34] In the aftermath, Yeltsin was appointed First Deputy Chairman of the State Committee for Construction (chaired by Yuri Batalin), but was told on the day of his appointment by Gorbachev that he could not participate in politics.[34]
At the 6th Plenary Session Ligachev delivered the first speech, the first time that Gorbachev had not done so himself.[35] Ligachev attacked what he perceived as the excesses of glasnost, the influence of rock music in society, "the blackening of Soviet history" and the failure of the leadership to do anything with the growing nationalism in the republics.[35] Gorbachev did not speak until the second day of the plenum, and gave a defensive speech in which he defended his reform efforts but called for the establishment of a "middle ground" in which balanced Soviet historiography and supported using Soviet patriotism to counter the rising nationalism in the republics.[36] The plenary session relieved Yeltsin of his duties as candidate member of the Politburo and member of the Secretariat, and elected Razumovsky (Head of the Organisational-Party Work Department) and Yuri Maslyukov (Chairman of the State Planning Committee) to Politburo candidate membership.[36] Leading conservative figures, such as General Dmitry Yazov, had begun criticising Gorbachev's democratising policies openly in December 1987, claiming they weakened the honour of the Soviet military, while party first secretaries in the republics called for a tightening of party control in reaction to the growing nationalism amongst the populace.[36]
In between the 6th and the 7th plenary sessions, the Nina Andreyeva Affair took place.[37] Andreyeva, "an hitherto unknown lecturer at a Leningrad chemical institute, wrote an article in Sovetskaya Rossiya titled "I Cannot Forsake My Principles".[37] She condemned Gorbachev's reforms and called for their reversal.[37] She criticized the Gorbachev leadership's habit of opening the previous black spots in Soviet history, which she claimed only helped to denigrate the Soviet past.[37] In addition, the article is notable for its antisemitism; of all the Jews mentioned, only Karl Marx was not accused of participating in blackening of Soviet history and destroying the Soviet order.[37] The importance of the article does not lay in its author, but rather how it was interpreted by the forces in the Central Committee — both conservatives, centrists and reformers fought Nina Andreyeva was a pseudonym used by a high-standing official.[37] It was consistently referred to posthumously as "an anti-perestroika manifesto".[37] The publication of the article had been chosen carefully by conservative forces within the Central Committee apparatus and Valentin Chikin, the editor-in-chief of Sovetskaya Rossiya, and it was published on 13 March to coincide with Gorbachev's visit to Yugoslavia and Yavkovlev's visit to Mongolia on 14 March.[38] With both of the leading reformers gone, the conservative Ligachev was in charge of the Central Committee apparatus.[38] Ligachev endorsed the article, stating it was "a benchmark for what we need in our ideology today."[38] In the words of historian Archie Brown "Old habits of prudence rapidly reasserted themselves in the face of an apparent signal of change in the balance of forces at the top of the party hierarchy and of a return to a time when dissenting intellectuals would no longer be treated with tolerance."[38] Upon his return on 18 March, Gorbachev discussed it with the Politburo.[38] To his surprise several of his colleagues supported the content of the article, among them Vorotnikov, Gromyko, Ligachev, Solomentsev and Viktor Nikonov.[38] The article was discussed in the 24–26 March Politburo meeting, in which the aforementioned conservatives alongside Viktor Chebrikov, the chairman of the KGB, and Anatoly Lukyanov, a close associate of Gorbachev and the Head of the General Department, supported the article.[38] Chebrikov condemned the criticisms of the Soviet system which had appeared with Gorbachev's reforms, and lamented the scheming "of our ideological adversary".[38] Despite forming a majority, the conservatives did not opt for removing Gorbachev, largely because the institution of General Secretary still meant something in Soviet politics.[39] Gorbachev insisted that every Politburo member had to openly state their position on the matter; Yakovlev, Ryzhkov, Medvedev and Eduard Shevardnadze condemned the article.[39] In light of the pro-reformist stance of this mentioned, and Gorbachev himself, they managed to push the conservatives on the defensive, and got their approval to publish a formal reply to the article.[39]
In light of this event, Gorbachev would seek to consolidate his power within the apparatus even further, especially in the Secretariat (which oversaw the work of the Central Committee apparatus).[39] In his first years as General Secretary, Gorbachev had never chaired a meeting of the Secretariat, leaving that responsibility to the conservative.[39] But in light of the strong backing the Andreyeva article had in the Central Committee apparatus, Gorbachev chaired the first Secretariat meetings in the affair's aftermath.[39]
Plenums
[edit]The Central Committee was not a permanent institution. It convened plenary sessions. 21 CC plenary sessions were held between the 27th Congress and the 28th Congress. When the CC was not in session, decision-making power was vested in the internal bodies of the CC itself; that is, the Politburo and the Secretariat. None of these bodies were permanent either; typically they convened several times a month.[40]
| Plenum | Date | Length |
|---|---|---|
| 1st Plenary Session | 6 March 1986 | 1 day |
| 2nd Plenary Session | 16 June 1986 | 1 day |
| 3rd Plenary Session | 27–28 January 1987 | 2 days |
| 4th Plenary Session | 25–26 June 1987 | 2 days |
| 5th Plenary Session | 21 October 1987 | 1 day |
| 6th Plenary Session | 17–18 February 1988 | 2 days |
| 7th Plenary Session | 23 May 1988 | 1 day |
| 8th Plenary Session | 29 July 1988 | 1 day |
| 9th Plenary Session | 30 September 1988 | 1 day |
| 10th Plenary Session | 28 November 1988 | 1 day |
| 11th Plenary Session | 10 January 1989 | 1 day |
| 12th Plenary Session | 15–16 March 1989 | 2 days |
| 13th Plenary Session | 25 April 1989 | 1 day |
| 14th Plenary Session | 22 May 1989 | 1 day |
| 15th Plenary Session | 2 June 1989 | 1 day |
| 16th Plenary Session | 19–20 September 1989 | 2 days |
| 17th Plenary Session | 9 December 1989 | 1 day |
| 18th Plenary Session | 25–26 December 1989 | 2 days |
| 19th Plenary Session | 5–7 February 1990 | 3 days |
| 20th Plenary Session | 11, 14, 16 March 1990 | 3 days |
| 21st Plenary Session | 29 June 1990 | 1 day |
Apparatus
[edit]Individuals employed by Central Committee's bureaus, departments and newspapers made up the apparatus between the 27th Congress and the 28th Congress. The bureaus and departments were supervised by the Secretariat, and each secretary (member of the Secretariat) supervised a specific department. The leaders of departments were officially referred to as Heads, while the titles of bureau leaders varied between chairman, first secretary and secretary.[citation needed]
Traditional structure (1986–88)
[edit]| Institution | Leader | Cyrillic | Took office | Left office | Length of tenure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Administrator of Affairs | Nikolay Kruchina | Николай Кручина | 6 March 1986 | 24 August 1988 | 2 years and 171 days |
| Administrative Organs Department | Nikolai Savinkin | Николай Савинкин | 6 March 1986 | 17 January 1987 | 317 days |
| Anatoly Lukyanov | Анатолий Лукьянов | 17 January 1987 | 30 September 1988 | 1 year and 257 days | |
| Agriculture and Food Industry Department | Vladimir Karlov | Влади́мир Ка́рлов | 6 March 1986 | October 1986 | 209 days |
| Cadres Abroad Department | Stepan Chervonenko | Степан Червоненко | 6 March 1986 | 30 September 1988 | 2 years and 208 days |
| Chemical Industry Department | Veniamin Afonin | Вениамин Афонин | 6 March 1986 | 30 September 1988 | 2 years and 208 days |
| Construction Department | Alexander Melnikov | Александр Мельников | 6 March 1986 | 30 September 1988 | 2 years and 208 days |
| Culture Department | Yuri Voronov | Юрий Во́ронов | 6 March 1986 | 30 September 1988 | 2 years and 208 days |
| Defence Industry Department | Oleg Belyakov | Олег Беляков | 6 March 1986 | 30 September 1988 | 2 years and 208 days |
| Economic Department | Vacant | —
|
6 March 1986 | 17 January 1987 | 317 days |
| Nikolay Slyunkov | Никола́й Слюнько́в | 17 January 1987 | 30 September 1988 | 1 year and 257 days | |
| General Department | Anatoly Lukyanov | Анатолий Лукьянов | 6 March 1986 | 17 January 1987 | 317 days |
| Valery Boldin | Валерий Болдин | 17 January 1987 | 30 September 1988 | 1 year and 257 days | |
| Heavy Industry and Energy Department | Ivan Yastrebov | Иван Ястребов | 6 March 1986 | 30 September 1988 | 2 years and 208 days |
| Institute of Marxism–Leninism | Anatoly Yegorov | Анато́лий Его́ров | 6 March 1986 | 17 January 1987 | 317 days |
| Georgy Smirnov | Анато́лий Его́ров | 17 January 1987 | 30 September 1988 | 1 year and 257 days | |
| International Department | Anatoly Dobrynin | Анато́лий Добры́нин | 6 March 1986 | 30 September 1988 | 2 years and 208 days |
| Kommunist | Ivan Frolov | Иван Фролов | 6 March 1986 | 17 January 1987 | 317 days |
| Nail Bikkenin | Иван Фролов | 17 January 1987 | 30 September 1988 | 1 year and 257 days | |
| Light Industry and Consumer Goods Department | Leonid Bobykin | Леонид Бобыкин | 6 March 1986 | 30 September 1988 | 2 years and 208 days |
| Machine-Building Department | Arkady Volsky | Арка́дий Во́льский | 6 March 1986 | 30 September 1988 | 2 years and 208 days |
| Organizational-Party Work Department | Georgy Razumovsky | Гео́ргий Разумо́вский | 6 March 1986 | 30 September 1988 | 2 years and 208 days |
| Propaganda Department | Yuri Sklyarov | Юрий Скляров | 6 March 1986 | 30 September 1988 | 2 years and 208 days |
| Pravda | Viktor Afanasyev | Ви́ктор Афана́сьев | 6 March 1986 | 30 September 1988 | 2 years and 208 days |
| Relations with Communist and Workers Parties Department | Vadim Medvedev | Вадим Медведев | 6 March 1986 | 30 September 1988 | 2 years and 208 days |
| Science and Education Department | Valentin Grigoriev | Юрий Скляров | 6 March 1986 | 30 September 1988 | 2 years and 208 days |
| Trade and Domestic Services Department | Nikolai Stashenkov | Николай Сташенков | 6 March 1986 | 30 September 1988 | 2 years and 208 days |
| Transport and Communications Department | Viktor Pasternak | Виктор Пастернак | 6 March 1986 | 30 September 1988 | 2 years and 208 days |
Reorganisation (1988–90)
[edit]| Institution | Leader | Cyrillic | Took office | Left office | Length of tenure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Administrator of Affairs | Nikolay Kruchina | Николай Кручина | 30 September 1988 | 13 July 1990 | 1 year and 286 days |
| Agricultural Department | Ivan Skiba | Иван Скиба | 30 September 1988 | 13 July 1990 | 1 year and 286 days |
| Commission on Agrarian Policy | Yegor Ligachyov | Егор Лигачёв | 30 September 1988 | 13 July 1990 | 1 year and 286 days |
| Commission on International Policy | Alexander Yakovlev | Алекса́ндр Я́ковлев | 30 September 1988 | 13 July 1990 | 1 year and 286 days |
| Commission on Legal Policy | Viktor Chebrikov | Виктор Че́бриков | 30 September 1988 | 20 September 1989 | 355 days |
| Vacant | —
|
20 September 1989 | 13 July 1990 | 296 days | |
| Commission on Party Building and Cadre Work Commission Policy | Georgy Razumovsky | Гео́ргий Разумо́вский | 30 September 1988 | 13 July 1990 | 1 year and 286 days |
| Commission on Socio-Economic Policy | Nikolay Slyunkov | Никола́й Слюнько́в | 30 September 1988 | 13 July 1990 | 1 year and 286 days |
| Defence Department | Oleg Belyakov | Олег Беляков | 30 September 1988 | 13 July 1990 | 1 year and 286 days |
| General Department | Valery Boldin | Валерий Болдин | 30 September 1988 | 13 July 1990 | 1 year and 286 days |
| Ideology Commission | Vadim Medvedev | Вадим Медведев | 30 September 1988 | 13 July 1990 | 1 year and 286 days |
| Ideology Department | Aleksandr Kapto | Александр Капто | 30 September 1988 | 13 July 1990 | 1 year and 286 days |
| Institute of Marxism–Leninism | Georgy Smirnov | Анато́лий Его́ров | 30 September 1988 | 13 July 1990 | 1 year and 286 days |
| International Department | Valentin Falin | Baлeнтин Фaлин | 30 September 1988 | 13 July 1990 | 1 year and 286 days |
| Kommunist | Nail Bikkenin | Иван Фролов | 30 September 1988 | 13 July 1990 | 1 year and 286 days |
| Party Building and Cadre Work Department | Valery Sharkov | Валерий Шарков | 30 September 1988 | 13 July 1990 | 1 year and 286 days |
| Pravda | Viktor Afanasyev | Ви́ктор Афана́сьев | 30 September 1988 | 1989 | 93 days |
| Ivan Frolov | Иван Фролов | 1989 | 13 July 1990 | 1 year and 193 days | |
| Socio-Economic Department | Vladislav Shimko | Владимир Шимко | 30 September 1988 | 13 July 1990 | 1 year and 286 days |
| State Legal Policy Department | Alexander Pavlov | Александр Павлов | 30 September 1988 | 13 July 1990 | 1 year and 286 days |
Composition
[edit]Members
[edit]| Name | Cyrillic | 26th CC | 28th CC | Birth | Death | PM | Ethnicity | Gender |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sergey Afanasyev | Серге́й Афана́сьев | Old | Resigned | 1918 | 2001 | 1943 | Russian | Male |
| Viktor Afanasyev | Ви́ктор Афана́сьев | Old | Not | 1922 | 1994 | 1943 | Russian | Male |
| Veniamin Afonin | Серге́й Афана́сьев | Promoted | Reelected | 1931 | 2017 | 1957 | Russian | Male |
| Sergey Akhromeyev | Серге́й Ахроме́ев | Old | Not | 1923 | 1991 | 1943 | Russian | Male |
| Aleksandr Aksyonov | Алекса́ндр Аксёнов | Old | Not | 1924 | 2009 | 1945 | Belarusian | Male |
| Anatoly Alexandrov | Анатолий Александров | Old | Resigned | 1903 | 1994 | 1962 | Ukrainian | Male |
| Heydar Aliyev | Гейда́р Али́ев | Old | Resigned | 1923 | 2003 | 1945 | Azerbaijani | Male |
| Alexander Altunin | Алекса́ндр Алту́нин | Old | Resigned | 1921 | 1989 | 1943 | Russian | Male |
| Vladimir Anichtchev | Владимир Анищев | New | Not | 1935 | 2018 | 1961 | Russian | Male |
| Aleksey Antonov | Алексей Антонов | Old | Resigned | 1912 | 2010 | 1940 | Russian | Male |
| Georgy Arbatov | Гео́ргий Арба́тов | Old | Not | 1923 | 2010 | 1943 | Russian | Male |
| Boris Aristov | Борис Аристов | Old | Not | 1925 | 2018 | 1945 | Russian | Male |
| Ivan Arkhipov | Иван Архипов | Old | Resigned | 1907 | 1998 | 1928 | Russian | Male |
| Vladimir Arkhipov | Владимир Архи́пов | New | Not | 1933 | 2004 | 1957 | Russian | Male |
| Erkin Auelbekov | Еркин Ауельбеков | Old | Not | 1930 | 1999 | 1940 | Kazakh | Male |
| Alexander Babenko | Александр Бабенко | Promoted | Not | 1935 | Alive | 1961 | Russian | Male |
| Kamran Baghirov | Кямран Багиров | New | Resigned | 1933 | 2000 | 1961 | Azerbaijani | Male |
| Nikolai Baibakov | Николай Байбаков | Old | Resigned | 1911 | 2008 | 1939 | Russian | Male |
| Vadim Bakatin | Вадим Бакатин | New | Reelected | 1937 | 2022 | 1964 | Russian | Male |
| Vyacheslav Bakhirev | Вячеслав Бахирев | Old | Resigned | 1916 | 1991 | 1951 | Russian | Male |
| Boris Bakin | Борис Бакин | Old | Not | 1913 | 1992 | 1941 | Russian | Male |
| Oleg Baklanov | Оле́г Бакла́нов | New | Reelected | 1932 | 2021 | 1953 | Ukrainian | Male |
| Anatoly Balandin | Анато́лий Бала́ндин | Old | Not | 1927 | 2014 | 1954 | Russian | Male |
| Yuri Balandin | Юрий Баландин | Old | Not | 1925 | 2004 | 1944 | Russian | Male |
| Boris Balmont | Борис Бальмонт | Old | Resigned | 1927 | 2022 | 1956 | Russian | Male |
| Gennady Bartoshevich | Геннадий Бартошевич | New | Not | 1934 | 1993 | 1957 | Belarusian | Male |
| Sergei Bashilov | Сергей Башилов | Candidate | Resigned | 1923 | 2005 | 1947 | Russian | Male |
| Gennady Bashtanyuk | Генна́дий Баштаню́к | Candidate | Not | 1949 | Alive | 1977 | Russian | Male |
| Yuri Batalin | Ю́рий Бата́лин | New | Not | 1927 | 2013 | 1956 | Russian | Male |
| Vladimir Bazovsky | Владимир Базовский | Old | Not | 1917 | 1993 | 1942 | Russian | Male |
| Igor Belousov | Игорь Белоусов | New | Not | 1928 | 2005 | 1955 | Russian | Male |
| Oleg Belyakov | Олег Беляков | New | Not | 1933 | 2003 | 1961 | Russian | Male |
| Anatoly Beryozin | Анатолий Берёзин | New | Not | 1931 | 1998 | 1954 | Russian | Male |
| Aleksandra Biryukova | Александра Бирюкова | Old | Not | 1929 | 2008 | 1956 | Russian | Female |
| Filipp Bobkov | Фили́пп Бобко́в | New | Not | 1925 | 2019 | 1944 | Russian | Male |
| Gennady Bogomyakov | Генна́дий Богомя́ков | Old | Not | 1930 | 2020 | 1959 | Russian | Male |
| Valery Boldin | Валерий Болдин | Promoted | Reelected | 1935 | 2006 | 1960 | Russian | Male |
| Ivan Boldyryov | Иван Болдырёв | New | Not | 1937 | Alive | 1956 | Russian | Male |
| Vasily Borisenkov | Василий Борисенков | Old | Not | 1927 | 2005 | 1946 | Russian | Male |
| Leonid Borodin | Леонид Бородин | Old | Resigned | 1923 | 2008 | 1948 | Russian | Male |
| Viktor Boyko | Виктор Бойко | New | Not | 1931 | 2014 | 1954 | Ukrainian | Male |
| Vladimir Brovikov | Владимир Бровиков | Old | Not | 1931 | 1992 | 1958 | Belarusian | Male |
| Lidiya Bryzga | Лидия Брызга | Promoted | Not | 1943 | 2014 | 1975 | Belarusian | Female |
| Boris Bugayev | Борис Бугаев | Old | Not | 1923 | 2007 | 1942 | Ukrainian | Male |
| Aleksandr Chakovsky | Александр Чаковский | Candidate | Not | 1913 | 1994 | 1941 | Russian | Male |
| Yevgeniy Chazov | Евгений Чазов | Old | Not | 1929 | 2021 | 1962 | Russian | Male |
| Viktor Chebrikov | Виктор Че́бриков | Old | Not | 1923 | 1999 | 1950 | Ukrainian | Male |
| Vasily Cherdintsev | Василий Чердинцев | Old | Not | 1927 | 2018 | 1956 | Russian | Male |
| Valentina Cherkashina | Валентина Черкашина | New | Not | 1942 | 2012 | 1972 | Russian | Female |
| Vladimir Chernavin | Владимир Чернавин | Candidate | Not | 1928 | 2023 | 1949 | Russian | Male |
| Viktor Chernomyrdin | Ви́ктор Черномы́рдин | New | Not | 1938 | 2010 | 1961 | Russian | Male |
| Anatoly Chernyaev | Василий Шауро | Candidate | Not | 1921 | 2017 | 1940 | Russian | Male |
| Stepan Chervonenko | Степан Червоненко | Old | Resigned | 1915 | 2003 | 1940 | Ukrainian | Male |
| Vladimir Chicherov | Влади́мир Чи́черов | Old | Not | 1933 | 1996 | 1964 | Russian | Male |
| Vladimir Chirskov | Владимир Чирсков | New | Not | 1935 | Alive | 1958 | Russian | Male |
| Aleksey Chornyy | Алексей Чёрный | Old | Resigned | 1921 | 2002 | 1931 | Ukrainian | Male |
| Pyotr Demichev | Пётр Де́мичев | Old | Resigned | 1917 | 2010 | 1939 | Russian | Male |
| Vasily Demidenko | Василий Демиденко | Old | Resigned | 1930 | 1998 | 1955 | Ukrainian | Male |
| Karen Demirchyan | Каре́н Демирчя́н | Old | Resigned | 1932 | 1999 | 1955 | Armenian | Male |
| Vasily Dinkov | Василий Динков | New | Not | 1924 | 2001 | 1946 | Ukrainian | Male |
| Viktor Dobrik | Виктор До́брик | Old | Resigned | 1927 | 2008 | 1954 | Ukrainian | Male |
| Anatoly Dobrynin | Анато́лий Добры́нин | Old | Not | 1919 | 2010 | 1945 | Russian | Male |
| Vladimir Dolgikh | Владимир Долгих | Old | Resigned | 1924 | 2020 | 1942 | Russian | Male |
| Valentin Falin | Baлeнтин Фaлин | Promoted | Reelected | 1926 | 2018 | 1953 | Russian | Male |
| Pavel Fedirko | Па́вел Феди́рко | Old | Not | 1932 | 2019 | 1957 | Russian | Male |
| Pyotr Fedoseyev | Петр Федосеев | Old | Resigned | 1908 | 1990 | 1939 | Russian | Male |
| Aleksandr Filatov | Александр Филатов | Old | Resigned | 1922 | 2016 | 1947 | Russian | Male |
| Pavel Finogenov | Па́вел Финоге́нов | Old | Not | 1919 | 2004 | 1943 | Russian | Male |
| Vladimir Foteyev | Владимир Фотеев | New | Not | 1935 | Alive | 1961 | Russian | Male |
| Ivan Frolov | Иван Фролов | New | Reelected | 1929 | 1999 | 1960 | Russian | Male |
| Konstantin Frolov | Константин Фролов | Promoted | Not | 1932 | 2007 | 1965 | Russian | Male |
| Dmitry Gagarov | Дмитрий Гагаров | New | Died | 1938 | 1989 | 1966 | Russian | Male |
| Andrey Girenko | Андрей Гиренко | Promoted | Reelected | 1936 | 2017 | 1963 | Ukrainian | Male |
| Natalya Gellert | Наталья Геллерт | Promoted | Not | 1953 | Alive | 1973 | Russian | Female |
| Ivan Gerasymov | Иван Герасимов | Candidate | Resigned | 1921 | 2008 | 1942 | Ukrainian | Male |
| Valentin Glushko | Валенти́н Глушко́ | Old | Died | 1908 | 1989 | 1956 | Ukrainian | Male |
| Mariya Golubeva | Мария Голубева | Candidate | Not | 1945 | 1991 | 1968 | Russian | Female |
| Valentina Golubeva | Валентина Голубева | Old | Not | 1949 | Alive | 1977 | Russian | Female |
| Boris Goncharenko | Николай Голдин | Old | Not | 1927 | 1997 | 1948 | Ukrainian | Male |
| Mikhail Gorbachev | Михаил Горбачёв | Old | Reelected | 1931 | 2022 | 1952 | Russian | Male |
| Leonid Gorshkov | Леонид Горшков | Old | Not | 1930 | 1994 | 1952 | Russian | Male |
| Sergey Gorshkov | Серге́й Горшков | Old | Died | 1910 | 1988 | 1942 | Russian | Male |
| Boris Gostev | Бори́с Го́стев | Old | Not | 1927 | 2015 | 1954 | Russian | Male |
| Vladimir Govorov | Владимир Говоров | Old | Not | 1924 | 2006 | 1946 | Russian | Male |
| Leonid Grekov | Леонид Греков | Old | Not | 1928 | 2004 | 1949 | Russian | Male |
| Anatoly Gribkov | Анато́лий Грибко́в | Old | Resigned | 1919 | 2008 | 1943 | Russian | Male |
| Vladimir Grigoriev | Николай Грибачёв | Promoted | Reelected | 1941 | 2011 | 1960 | Belarusian | Male |
| Petras Griškevičius | Пя́трас Гришкя́вичюс | Old | Died | 1924 | 1987 | 1945 | Lithuanian | Male |
| Pyotr Grishchenko | Пётр Грищенко | New | Not | 1931 | 2021 | 1956 | Russian | Male |
| Mariya Gromova | Мария Громова | Old | Resigned | 1929 | 2008 | 1973 | Russian | Female |
| Andrei Gromyko | Андрей Громыко | Old | Resigned | 1909 | 1989 | 1931 | Belarusian | Male |
| Semion Grossu | Семён Гроссу | Old | Not | 1934 | Alive | 1961 | Moldovan | Male |
| Aleksandr Gudkov | Александр Гудков | Old | Resigned | 1930 | 1992 | 1958 | Russian | Male |
| Vladimir Gusev | Владимир Гусев | Old | Not | 1932 | 2022 | 1963 | Russian | Male |
| Ivan Gustov | Иван Густов | Old | Not | 1911 | 1996 | 1932 | Russian | Male |
| Timofey Guzhenko | Тимофей Гуженко | Old | Resigned | 1918 | 2008 | 1941 | Russian | Male |
| Vadim Ignatov | Вадим Игнатов | Old | Not | 1931 | 1998 | 1953 | Russian | Male |
| Vladimir Ivashko | Владимир Ивашко | Promoted | Reelected | 1932 | 1994 | 1960 | Ukrainian | Male |
| Yevgeny Ivanovsky | Евге́ний Ивано́вский | Old | Resigned | 1918 | 1991 | 1941 | Belarusian | Male |
| Yevgeny Kachalovsky | Евгений Качаловский | Old | Not | 1926 | 2011 | 1947 | Ukrainian | Male |
| Dmitry Kachin | Дмитрий Качин | Old | Not | 1929 | Alive | 1953 | Russian | Male |
| Boris Kachura | Борис Качура | Old | Not | 1930 | 2007 | 1957 | Ukrainian | Male |
| Vladimir Kalashnikov | Владимир Калашников | New | Reelected | 1929 | 2008 | 1954 | Russian | Male |
| Vladimir Kamentsev | Ка́менцев Миха́йлович | Candidate | Not | 1928 | 2003 | 1954 | Russian | Male |
| Aleksandr Kapto | Александр Капто | Candidate | Not | 1933 | 2020 | 1955 | Ukrainian | Male |
| Vladimir Karlov | Влади́мир Ка́рлов | Old | Resigned | 1914 | 1994 | 1940 | Russian | Male |
| Vladimir Karpov | Владимир Карпов | Promoted | Reelected | 1922 | 2010 | 1943 | Russian | Male |
| Yevdokya Karpova | Марина Журавлёва | Old | Resigned | 1923 | 2000 | 1952 | Russian | Female |
| Valentina Kasimova | Валентина Касимова | Promoted | Not | 1944 | Alive | 1972 | Russian | Female |
| Konstantin Katushev | Константин Катушев | Old | Not | 1927 | 2010 | 1952 | Russian | Male |
| Vasily Kavun | Василий Кавун | Old | Not | 1928 | 2009 | 1954 | Ukrainian | Male |
| Leonid Kazakov | Леонид Казаков | Old | Not | 1951 | Alive | 1974 | Russian | Male |
| Vladimir Khodyryov | Владимир Ходырёв | New | Not | 1930 | Alive | 1954 | Russian | Male |
| Aleksandr Khomyakov | Александр Хомяков | Old | Not | 1932 | 2014 | 1958 | Russian | Male |
| Yuri Khristoradnov | Юрий Христораднов | Old | Not | 1929 | 2018 | 1951 | Russian | Male |
| Tukhtakhon Kirgizbayeva | Тухтахон Киргизбаева | Promoted | Not | 1942 | Alive | 1965 | Uzbek | Female |
| Mikhail Klepikov | Михаил Клепиков | Old | Not | 1927 | 1999 | 1956 | Russian | Male |
| Stepan Kleyko | Степан Клейко | Promoted | Not | 1935 | Alive | 1966 | Russian | Male |
| Ivan Klimenko | Иван Клименко | Old | Resigned | 1921 | 2006 | 1945 | Russian | Male |
| Vladimir Klyuyev | Владимир Клюев | Old | Resigned | 1924 | 1998 | 1949 | Ukrainian | Male |
| Mikhail Knyazyuk | Михаил Князюк | New | Not | 1940 | Alive | 1963 | Belarusian | Male |
| Vyacheslav Kochemasov | Вячеслав Кочемасов | Old | Not | 1918 | 1998 | 1944 | Russian | Male |
| Alexey Kolbeshkin | Алексей Колбешкин | Promoted | Not | 1945 | Alive | 1976 | Russian | Male |
| Gennady Kolbin | Геннадий Колбин | Old | Not | 1927 | 1998 | 1954 | Russian | Male |
| Alexander Koldunov | Александр Колдунов | Old | Not | 1923 | 1992 | 1944 | Russian | Male |
| Aleksandr Kolesnikov | Александр Колесников | Old | Not | 1930 | 2008 | 1966 | Ukrainian | Male |
| Vladislav Kolesnikov | Владислав Колесников | New | Not | 1925 | 2015 | 1961 | Russian | Male |
| Serafim Kolpakov | Серафим Колпаков | New | Reelected | 1933 | 2011 | 1956 | Russian | Male |
| Nikolay Konaryov | Николай Конарёв | New | Not | 1927 | 2007 | 1952 | Ukrainian | Male |
| Boris Konoplyov | Борис Коноплёв | New | Resigned | 1919 | 2008 | 1945 | Russian | Male |
| Valentin Koptyug | Коптюг Афанасьевич | Promoted | Reelected | 1931 | 1997 | 1961 | Russian | Male |
| Georgy Korniyenko | Гео́ргий Корние́нко | Old | Resigned | 1925 | 2006 | 1947 | Ukrainian | Male |
| Anatoly Korolyov | Анатолий Королёв | Old | Not | 1936 | Alive | 1967 | Russian | Male |
| Vitaly Kostin | Виталий Костин | Old | Not | 1938 | 2009 | 1961 | Russian | Male |
| Mikhail Kovalyov | Михаил Ковалёв | New | Not | 1925 | 2007 | 1962 | Belarusian | Male |
| Nikolay Kruchina | Николай Кручина | Old | Reelected | 1928 | 1991 | 1949 | Russian | Male |
| Zinaida Kruglova | Зинаи́да Кругло́ва | Old | Resigned | 1923 | 1995 | 1944 | Russian | Male |
| Vladimir Kryuchkov | Влади́мир Крючко́в | New | Reelected | 1924 | 2007 | 1944 | Russian | Male |
| Yuly Kvitsinsky | Юлий Квицинский | Promoted | Not | 1936 | 2010 | 1952 | Russian | Male |
| Dinmukhamed Kunaev | Дінмұхаммед Қонаев | Old | Removed | 1912 | 1993 | 1939 | Kazakh | Male |
| Fyodor Kulikov | Фёдор Куликов | Old | Not | 1925 | 2015 | 1949 | Russian | Male |
| Viktor Kulikov | Виктор Куликов | Old | Resigned | 1921 | 2013 | 1942 | Russian | Male |
| Valentin Kuptsov | Валентин Купцов | New | Reelected | 1937 | Alive | 1944 | Russian | Male |
| Semyon Kurkotkin | Семё́н Курко́ткин | Old | Resigned | 1917 | 1990 | 1940 | Russian | Male |
| Vasily Kuznetsov | Василий Кузнецов | Old | Resigned | 1901 | 1990 | 1927 | Russian | Male |
| Nikolay Lemayev | Николай Лемаев | New | Not | 1929 | 2000 | 1955 | Russian | Male |
| Oleksandr Liashko | Алекса́ндр Ляшко́ | Old | Resigned | 1915 | 2002 | 1942 | Ukrainian | Male |
| Yegor Ligachyov | Егор Лигачёв | Old | Not | 1920 | 2021 | 1944 | Russian | Male |
| Yury Litvintsev | Юрий Литвинцев | New | Reelected | 1934 | 2009 | 1956 | Russian | Male |
| Alexey Lizichev | Алексей Лизичев | New | Not | 1928 | 2006 | 1955 | Russian | Male |
| Yuri Lobov | Юрий Лобов | Promoted | Not | 1942 | Alive | 1975 | Russian | Male |
| Anatoly Logunov | Анатолий Логунов | Candidate | Not | 1926 | 2015 | 1960 | Russian | Male |
| Viktor Lomakin | Виктор Ломакин | Old | Not | 1926 | 2012 | 1953 | Russian | Male |
| Pyotr Lomako | Пётр Лома́ко | Old | Resigned | 1904 | 1990 | 1925 | Russian | Male |
| Vladimir Lomonosov | Владимир Ломоносов | Old | Not | 1928 | 1999 | 1950 | Russian | Male |
| Fodor Loshchenkov | Фодор Лощенков | Old | Not | 1915 | 2009 | 1943 | Russian | Male |
| Pyotr Luchinsky | Пётр Лучинский | Promoted | Reelected | 1941 | Alive | 1964 | Moldovan | Male |
| Anatoly Lukyanov | Анатолий Лукьянов | New | Reelected | 1930 | 2019 | 1953 | Russian | Male |
| Anatoly Lushchikov | Анатолий Лущиков | New | Not | 1917 | 1999 | 1942 | Russian | Male |
| Pyotr Lushev | Пётр Лу́шев | Old | Not | 1923 | 1997 | 1951 | Russian | Male |
| Ivan Lutak | Иван Лутак | Comeback | Resigned | 1919 | 2009 | 1940 | Ukrainian | Male |
| Viktor Makarenko | Виктор Макаренко | Old | Resigned | 1931 | 2007 | 1960 | Ukrainian | Male |
| Qahhor Mahkamov | Кахар Махкамов | New | Reelected | 1932 | 2016 | 1957 | Tajik | Male |
| Yuri Maksimov | Юрий Максимов | Candidate | Not | 1924 | 2002 | 1943 | Ukrainian | Male |
| Nikolai Malkov | Николай Мальков | Candidate | Not | 1932 | 2007 | 1954 | Russian | Male |
| Anatoly Malofeyev | Анато́лий Малофе́ев | New | Reelected | 1933 | 2022 | 1957 | Belarusian | Male |
| Viktor Maltsev | Виктор Мальцев | Old | Resigned | 1917 | 2003 | 1945 | Russian | Male |
| Vasily Malykhin | Василий Малыхин | New | Not | 1935 | Alive | 1958 | Russian | Male |
| Yuri Manayenkov | Юрий Манаенков | New | Reelected | 1936 | 2021 | 1960 | Russian | Male |
| Sergey Manyakin | Сергей Манякин | Old | Not | 1923 | 2010 | 1945 | Russian | Male |
| Gury Marchuk | Гурий Марчук | Old | Reelected | 1925 | 2013 | 1947 | Russian | Male |
| Georgy Markov | Гео́ргий Ма́рков | Old | Not | 1911 | 1991 | 1946 | Russian | Male |
| Absamat Masaliyev | Абсамат Масалиев | New | Reelected | 1933 | 2004 | 1960 | Kyrgyz | Male |
| Nikolay Maslennikov | Николай Масленников | Old | Not | 1921 | 2013 | 1951 | Russian | Male |
| Yuri Maslyukov | Юрий Маслюков | New | Reelected | 1937 | 2010 | 1966 | Russian | Male |
| Vitaliy Masol | Виталий Масол | Promoted | Reelected | 1928 | 2018 | 1956 | Ukrainian | Male |
| Anatoly Mayorets | Анатолий Майорец | Candidate | Not | 1929 | 2016 | 1957 | Russian | Male |
| Vadim Medvedev | Вадим Медведев | New | Not | 1929 | Alive | 1952 | Russian | Male |
| Alexander Melnikov | Александр Мельников | New | Not | 1930 | 2011 | 1957 | Russian | Male |
| Marat Mendybayev | Марат Мендыбаев | New | Not | 1936 | 2011 | 1958 | Kazakh | Male |
| Galina Merkulova | Галина Меркулова | Promoted | Not | 1951 | Alive | 1976 | Uzbek | Female |
| Valentin Mesyats | Валентин Месяц | Old | Not | 1928 | 2019 | 1955 | Russian | Male |
| Guram Metonidze | Гурам Метонидзе | Promoted | Not | 1935 | Alive | 1964 | Georgian | Male |
| Viktor Mironenko | Виктор Мироненко | Promoted | Not | 1953 | Alive | 1975 | Ukrainian | Male |
| Vasily Mironov | Василий Миронов | New | Died | 1925 | 1988 | 1949 | Ukrainian | Male |
| Oleg Miroshikhin | Олег Мирошихин | New | Not | 1928 | Alive | 1959 | Russian | Male |
| Viktor Mishin | Виктор Мишин | New | Not | 1943 | Alive | 1967 | Russian | Male |
| Fedir Morhun | Фёдор Моргу́н | Old | Not | 1924 | 2008 | 1952 | Ukrainian | Male |
| Ivan Morozov | Иван Морозов | Old | Died | 1924 | 1987 | 1943 | Russian | Male |
| Dmitry Motorny | Дмитрий Моторный | New | Not | 1927 | 2018 | 1951 | Ukrainian | Male |
| Ivan Mozgovoy | Ива́н Мозгово́й | Old | Resigned | 1927 | 2005 | 1940 | Ukrainian | Male |
| Vsevolod Murakhovsky | Евгений Муравьёв | Old | Not | 1926 | 2017 | 1946 | Ukrainian | Male |
| Yevgeny Muravyov | Евгений Муравьёв | Old | Resigned | 1929 | 1998 | 1952 | Russian | Male |
| Alexey Myasnikov | Алексей Мясников | New | Not | 1934 | Alive | 1974 | Russian | Male |
| Vladislav Mysnichenko | Владислав Мысниченко | Old | Not | 1929 | 2019 | 1955 | Ukrainian | Male |
| Nursultan Nazarbayev | Нурсултан Назарбаев | New | Reelected | 1940 | Alive | 1962 | Kazakh | Male |
| Mikhail Nenashev | Михаи́л Нена́шев | Promoted | Reelected | 1929 | 2019 | 1952 | Russian | Male |
| Viktor Nikonov | Виктор Никонов | Old | Not | 1929 | 1993 | 1954 | Russian | Male |
| Saparmurat Niyazov | Сапармурад Ниязов | New | Reelected | 1940 | 2006 | 1962 | Turkmen | Male |
| Anatoly Nochyovkin | Анатолий Ночёвкин | New | Resigned | 1928 | Alive | 1956 | Russian | Male |
| Genrikh Novozhilov | Сапармурад Ниязов | New | Reelected | 1925 | 2019 | 1951 | Russian | Male |
| Vladimir Odintsov | Владимир Одинцов | New | Resigned | 1924 | 2009 | 1944 | Russian | Male |
| Nikolai Orgakov | Николай Огарков | Old | Resigned | 1917 | 1994 | 1945 | Russian | Male |
| Vladimir Orlov | Владимир Орлов | Old | Not | 1921 | 1999 | 1948 | Russian | Male |
| Vladimir Osipov | Владимир Осипов | Promoted | Not | 1933 | Alive | 1958 | Russian | Male |
| Konstantin Panov | Константин Панов | Candidate | Not | 1933 | 2005 | 1967 | Russian | Male |
| Valentina Parshina | Валентина Паршина | Promoted | Not | 1937 | 2020 | 1965 | Russian | Female |
| Yemelyan Parubok | Емелья́н Па́рубок | New | Reelected | 1940 | 2017 | 1966 | Ukrainian | Male |
| Jumber Patiashvili | Джумбер Патиашвили | New | Not | 1940 | Alive | 1962 | Georgian | Male |
| Borys Paton | Бори́с Пато́н | Old | Reelected | 1918 | 2020 | 1952 | Ukrainian | Male |
| Nikolai Pavlov | Николай Павлов | Promoted | Not | 1950 | Alive | 1978 | Russian | Male |
| Vladimir Pavlov | Влади́мир Па́влов | Old | Not | 1923 | 1998 | 1948 | Russian | Male |
| Ivan Pentyukhov | Иван Пентюхов | Promoted | Not | 1929 | 1997 | 1962 | Russian | Male |
| Nina Pereverzeva | Ни́на Переве́рзева | Old | Not | 1929 | 2022 | 1970 | Russian | Female |
| Erlen Pervyshin | Эрлен Первышин | Candidate | Not | 1932 | 2004 | 1959 | Russian | Male |
| Vasily Petrov | Васи́лий Петро́в | Old | Not | 1917 | 2014 | 1944 | Russian | Male |
| Vladislav Petrov | Владислав Петров | Old | Not | 1935 | 2011 | 1961 | Ukrainian | Male |
| Yuri Petrov | Юрий Петров | New | Not | 1939 | 2013 | 1962 | Russian | Male |
| Alexander Plekhanov | Александр Плеханов | New | Reelected | 1932 | 2015 | 1960 | Russian | Male |
| Pyotr Pleshakov | Пётр Плешаков | Old | Died | 1922 | 1987 | 1944 | Russian | Male |
| Valentina Pletnyova | Валентина Плетнёва | New | Not | 1930 | 2012 | 1952 | Russian | Female |
| Ivan Polozkov | Иван Полозков | New | Reelected | 1935 | Alive | 1958 | Russian | Male |
| Viktor Polyakov | Ви́ктор Поляко́в | Old | Resigned | 1915 | 2004 | 1944 | Russian | Male |
| Alexey Ponomarev | Алексей Пономарёв | New | Reelected | 1930 | 2002 | 1957 | Russian | Male |
| Boris Ponomarev | Борис Пономарёв | Old | Resigned | 1905 | 1995 | 1919 | Russian | Male |
| Mikhail Ponomarev | Михаил Пономарёв | Old | Resigned | 1918 | 2001 | 1939 | Russian | Male |
| Filipp Popov | Филипп Попов | New | Not | 1930 | 2007 | 1957 | Russian | Male |
| Nikolay Popov | Николай Попов | Old | Not | 1931 | 2008 | 1960 | Russian | Male |
| Yevgeny Primakov | Евгений Примаков | Promoted | Not | 1929 | 2015 | 1959 | Russian | Male |
| Ilya Prokopyev | Николай Приезжев | Old | Resigned | 1926 | 2017 | 1946 | Chuvash | Male |
| Yuri Prokopyev | Юрий Прокопьев | New | Not | 1932 | 2017 | 2003 | Russian | Male |
| Vladimir Ptitsyn | Влади́мир Пти́цын | Old | Resigned | 1925 | 2006 | 1946 | Russian | Male |
| Nikolay Pugin | Николай Пугин | New | Not | 1940 | Alive | 1965 | Russian | Male |
| Boris Pugo | Борис Пуго | New | Not | 1937 | 1991 | 1963 | Latvian | Male |
| Oleg Rakhmanin | Олег Рахманин | Old | Resigned | 1924 | 2010 | 1942 | Russian | Male |
| Yevgeny Razumov | Евгений Разумов | Candidate | Not | 1919 | 2017 | 1942 | Belarusian | Male |
| Georgy Razumovsky | Гео́ргий Разумо́вский | Candidate | Not | 1936 | Alive | 1961 | Russian | Male |
| Alexander Rekunkov | Александр Рекунков | Old | Resigned | 1920 | 1996 | 1940 | Russian | Male |
| Anatoly Reut | Анатолий Реут | New | Not | 1928 | 2001 | 1955 | Belarusian | Male |
| Grigory Revenko | Григорий Ревенко | New | Not | 1936 | 2014 | 1962 | Ukrainian | Male |
| Ivan Romazan | Иван Ромазан | Promoted | Not | 1934 | 1991 | 1964 | Russian | Male |
| Yakov Ryabov | Я́ков Ря́бов | Old | Not | 1928 | 2018 | 1954 | Russian | Male |
| Anatoly Rybakov | Анатолий Рыбаков | Old | Not | 1927 | 2012 | 1961 | Russian | Male |
| Vasily Rykov | Василий Рыков | Old | Resigned | 1918 | 2011 | 1943 | Russian | Male |
| Nikolai Ryzhkov | Николай Рыжков | Old | Reelected | 1929 | 2024 | 1956 | Russian | Male |
| Kakimbek Salykov | Какимбек Салыков | New | Not | 1932 | 2013 | 1958 | Kazakh | Male |
| Nikolai Savinkin | Николай Савинкин | Old | Resigned | 1913 | 1993 | 1927 | Russian | Male |
| Valery Saykin | Валерий Сайкин | New | Not | 1937 | 2024 | 1966 | Russian | Male |
| Anatoly Sazonov | Анатолий Сазонов | New | Not | 1935 | 2019 | 1962 | Ukrainian | Male |
| Vitaly Shabanov | Вита́лий Шаба́нов | Old | Not | 1923 | 1995 | 1947 | Russian | Male |
| Midkhat Shakirov | Мидха́т Шаки́ров | Old | Resigned | 1916 | 2004 | 1944 | Bashkir | Male |
| Stepan Shalayev | Степан Шалаев | Old | Not | 1929 | 2022 | 1954 | Russian | Male |
| Vasily Shamshin | Василий Шамшин | Candidate | Not | 1926 | 2009 | 1962 | Russian | Male |
| Leonid Sharin | Леонид Шарин | New | Not | 1934 | 2014 | 1962 | Russian | Male |
| Mikhail Shchadov | Михаил Щадов | New | Not | 1927 | 2011 | 1947 | Russian | Male |
| Boris Shcherbina | Борис Щербина | Old | Not | 1919 | 1990 | 1939 | Ukrainian | Male |
| Volodymyr Shcherbytsky | Влади́мир Щерби́цкий | Old | Died | 1918 | 1990 | 1948 | Ukrainian | Male |
| Eduard Shevardnadze | Эдуард Шеварднадзе | Old | Reelected | 1928 | 2014 | 1936 | Georgian | Male |
| Valentyna Shevchenko | Валентина Шевченко | New | Not | 1935 | 2020 | 1957 | Ukrainian | Female |
| Mikhail Shkabardnya | Михаил Шкабардня | Candidate | Not | 1930 | Alive | 1960 | Russian | Male |
| Aleksey Shkolnikov | Алексей Шко́льников | Old | Resigned | 1914 | 2003 | 1940 | Russian | Male |
| Yevgeny Shulyak | Евгений Шуляк | New | Not | 1939 | Alive | 1961 | Belarusian | Male |
| Ivan Silayev | Ива́н Сила́ев | Old | Reelected | 1930 | 2023 | 1959 | Russian | Male |
| Vasily Sitnikov | Василий Ситников | New | Not | 1927 | 2016 | 1948 | Russian | Male |
| Yevgeny Sizenko | Евгений Сизенко | Old | Not | 1931 | 2016 | 1953 | Russian | Male |
| Yefim Slavsky | Ефи́м Сла́вский | Old | Not | 1898 | 1991 | 1918 | Russian | Male |
| Nikolay Slyunkov | Никола́й Слюнько́в | New | Not | 1929 | 2022 | 1954 | Belarusian | Male |
| Mikhail Smirtyukov | Михаи́л Смиртюко́в | Old | Not | 1909 | 2004 | 1940 | Russian | Male |
| Pavel Smolsky | Павел Смольский | New | Died | 1931 | 1987 | 1955 | Russian | Male |
| Valentin Smyslov | Валентин Смыслов | New | Not | 1928 | 2004 | 1956 | Russian | Male |
| Sergey Sokolov | Серге́й Соколо́в | Old | Resigned | 1911 | 2012 | 1937 | Russian | Male |
| Yefrem Sokolov | Ефре́м Соколо́в | Candidate | Reelected | 1926 | 2022 | 1955 | Belarusian | Male |
| Mikhail Solomentsev | Михаи́л Соло́менцев | Old | Resigned | 1913 | 2008 | 1940 | Russian | Male |
| Yuri Solovyev | Михаи́л Соло́менцев | Old | Not | 1925 | 2011 | 1955 | Russian | Male |
| Vladimir Stepanov | Владимир Степанов | New | Not | 1927 | 2022 | 1952 | Karelian | Male |
| Yegor Stroyev | Его́р Стро́ев | New | Reelected | 1937 | Alive | 1958 | Russian | Male |
| Boris Stukalin | Борис Стукалин | Old | Not | 1923 | 2004 | 1943 | Russian | Male |
| Apollon Systsov | Аполлон Сысцов | New | Not | 1929 | 2005 | 1961 | Russian | Male |
| Fikryat Tabeyev | Фикрят Табеев | Old | Not | 1928 | 2015 | 1957 | Russian | Male |
| Nikolai Talyzin | Никола́й Талы́зин | Old | Not | 1929 | 1991 | 1960 | Russian | Male |
| Vasily Taratuta | Василий Таратута | Old | Not | 1930 | 2008 | 1955 | Ukrainian | Male |
| Georgy Tarazevich | Георгий Таразевич | New | Not | 1937 | 2003 | 1967 | Belarusian | Male |
| Nikolay Tatarchuk | Николай Татарчук | New | Not | 1928 | 1991 | 1955 | Ukrainian | Male |
| Pyotr Telepnyov | Пётр Телепнёв | New | Not | 1930 | 2013 | 1956 | Belarusian | Male |
| Vladimir Terebilov | Владимир Теребилов | Candidate | Resigned | 1916 | 2004 | 1940 | Russian | Male |
| Nikolai Tereshchenko | Николай Терещенко | Candidate | Died | 1930 | 1989 | 1955 | Russian | Male |
| Valentina Tereshkova | Валентина Терешкова | Old | Not | 1937 | Alive | 1960 | Russian | Female |
| Vladimir Tikhomirov | Тихомиров Порфирович | Old | Not | 1934 | 1997 | 1958 | Russian | Male |
| Nikolai Tikhonov | Николай Тихонов | Old | Resigned | 1905 | 1997 | 1940 | Russian | Male |
| Aleksey Titarenko | Алексе́й Титаре́нко | Old | Resigned | 1915 | 1992 | 1940 | Ukrainian | Male |
| Lev Tolkunov | Лев Толкунов | Old | Died | 1919 | 1989 | 1943 | Russian | Male |
| Vladimir Tolubko | Влади́мир Толу́бко | Old | Died | 1914 | 1989 | 1939 | Ukrainian | Male |
| Ivan Tretyak | Иван Третьяк | Old | Not | 1923 | 2007 | 1943 | Ukrainian | Male |
| Pyotr Tretyakov | Пётр Третьяков | Candidate | Resigned | 1927 | 2018 | 1957 | Russian | Male |
| Yuri Trofimov | Юрий Трофимов | New | Died | 1931 | 1989 | 1956 | Russian | Male |
| Mikhail Trunov | Михаил Трунов | Old | Resigned | 1931 | 2010 | 1955 | Russian | Male |
| Yevgeny Tyazhelnikov | Евге́ний Тяже́льников | Old | Not | 1928 | 2020 | 1951 | Russian | Male |
| Raisa Udalaya | Раиса Удалая | New | Not | 1931 | 2020 | 1974 | Russian | Female |
| Gumer Usmanov | Гумер Усманов | Old | Not | 1932 | 2015 | 1953 | Tatar | Male |
| Inomjon Usmonxoʻjayev | Инамджан Усманходжаев | Old | Not | 1930 | 2017 | 1958 | Uzbek | Male |
| Vladimir Utkin | Владимир Уткин | Old | Not | 1923 | 2000 | 1940 | Russian | Male |
| Karl Vaino | Карл Вайно | Old | Not | 1923 | 2022 | 1940 | Estonian | Male |
| Grigory Vashchenko | Григорий Ващенко | Old | Resigned | 1920 | 1990 | 1943 | Ukrainian | Male |
| Nikolai Vasilyev | Павел Бородин | Old | Resigned | 1916 | 2011 | 1942 | Russian | Male |
| Gennady Vedernikov | Геннадий Ведерников | New | Not | 1937 | 2001 | 1965 | Russian | Male |
| Vladimir Velichko | Владимир Величко | New | Not | 1937 | Alive | 1963 | Russian | Male |
| Evgeny Velikhov | Евгений Велихов | Promoted | Not | 1935 | Alive | 1971 | Russian | Male |
| Aleksandr Vlasov | Александр Власов | Old | Reelected | 1932 | 2002 | 1956 | Russian | Male |
| Boris Volodin | Борис Володин | New | Not | 1931 | Alive | 1955 | Russian | Male |
| Arkady Volsky | Борис Володин | New | Reelected | 1932 | 2006 | 1958 | Russian | Male |
| Lev Voronin | Лев Воронин | Old | Not | 1928 | 2008 | 1953 | Russian | Male |
| Yuli Vorontsov | Ю́лий Воронцо́в | Old | Not | 1929 | 2007 | 1956 | Russian | Male |
| Mikhail Voropayev | Михаил Воропаев | Old | Not | 1919 | 2009 | 1945 | Russian | Male |
| Vitaly Vorotnikov | Вита́лий Воротнико́в | Old | Not | 1926 | 2012 | 1950 | Russian | Male |
| Augusts Voss | Август Восс | Old | Not | 1916 | 1994 | 1940 | Latvian | Male |
| Anatoly Voystrochenko | Анатолий Войстроченко | New | Not | 1937 | 2010 | 1958 | Russian | Male |
| Gennady Yagodin | Геннадий Ягодин | New | Reelected | 1927 | 2015 | 1948 | Russian | Male |
| Alexander Yakovlev | Алекса́ндр Я́ковлев | New | Not | 1923 | 2005 | 1944 | Russian | Male |
| Dmitry Yazov | Дми́трий Я́зов | Promoted | Reelected | 1924 | 2020 | 1944 | Russian | Male |
| Alexander Yefimov | Александр Ефимов | New | Not | 1923 | 2012 | 1943 | Russian | Male |
| Anatoly Yegorov | Анато́лий Его́ров | Old | Resigned | 1920 | 1997 | 1944 | Russian | Male |
| Yury Yelchenko | Юрий Ельченко | Old | Not | 1929 | 2019 | 1953 | Ukrainian | Male |
| Boris Yeltsin | Борис Ельцин | Old | Not | 1931 | 2007 | 1961 | Russian | Male |
| Nikolay Yemokhonov | Николай Емохонов | New | Not | 1921 | 2014 | 1947 | Russian | Male |
| Nikolay Yermakov | Николай Ермаков | New | Died | 1927 | 1987 | 1961 | Russian | Male |
| Lev Yermin | Ле́в Е́рмин | Old | Resigned | 1923 | 2004 | 1943 | Russian | Male |
| Neli Yershova | Нэли Ершова | Candidate | Not | 1939 | Alive | 1973 | Russian | Female |
| Aleksandr Yezhevsky | Александр Ежевский | Old | Resigned | 1915 | 2017 | 1945 | Russian | Male |
| Magomed Yusupov | Магомед Юсупов | New | Not | 1935 | 2018 | 1959 | Avar | Male |
| Vadim Zagladin | Вади́м Загла́дин | Old | Not | 1927 | 2006 | 1955 | Russian | Male |
| Mikhail Zaitsev | Михаи́л За́йцев | Old | Resigned | 1923 | 2009 | 1943 | Russian | Male |
| Vasily Zakharov | Василий Захаров | New | Not | 1934 | 2023 | 1964 | Russian | Male |
| Leonid Zamyatin | Леонид Замятин | Old | Not | 1922 | 2019 | 1952 | Russian | Male |
| Vladimir Zatvornitsky | Владимир Затворницкий | Old | Not | 1929 | 2017 | 1958 | Russian | Male |
| Lev Zaykov | Лев Зайков | Old | Not | 1923 | 2002 | 1957 | Russian | Male |
| Mikhail Zimyanin | Михаил Зимянин | Old | Resigned | 1914 | 1995 | 1939 | Belarusian | Male |
| Grigory Zolotukhin | Григо́рий Золоту́хин | Old | Died | 1911 | 1988 | 1939 | Russian | Male |
| Viktor Zorkaltsev | Виктор Зоркальцев | New | Not | 1936 | 2010 | 1962 | Russian | Male |
Candidates
[edit]| Name | Cyrillic | 26th CC | 28th CC | Birth | Death | PM | Ethnicity | Gender |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Veniamin Afonin | Серге́й Афана́сьев | New | Promoted | 1931 | 2017 | 1957 | Russian | Male |
| Geny Ageyev | Гений Агеев | New | Not | 1929 | 1994 | 1952 | Russian | Male |
| Timur Alimov | Тимур Алимов | New | Not | 1936 | 2015 | 1967 | Uzbek | Male |
| Georgy Alyoshin | Георгий Алёшин | New | Not | 1931 | 2011 | 1957 | Russian | Male |
| Nikolai Antonov | Никола́й Анто́нов | Candidate | Resigned | 1921 | 1996 | 1944 | Russian | Male |
| Makhmut Aripdzhanov | Махмут Арипджанов | New | Not | 1938 | Alive | 1965 | Uzbek | Male |
| Alexander Babenko | Александр Бабенко | New | Promoted | 1935 | Alive | 1961 | Russian | Male |
| Anatoly Basistov | Анатолий Басистов | New | Not | 1920 | 1998 | 1945 | Russian | Male |
| Boris Batsanov | Борис Бацанов | New | Not | 1927 | 2005 | 1951 | Russian | Male |
| Valery Belikov | Валерий Беликов | New | Died | 1925 | 1987 | 1949 | Russian | Male |
| Anatoly Belyakov | Анатолий Беляков | New | Not | 1933 | 2017 | 1960 | Russian | Male |
| Leonid Bibin | Леонид Бибин | New | Not | 1930 | Alive | 1953 | Ukrainian | Male |
| Ratmir Bobovikov | Ратмир Бобовиков | Candidate | Not | 1927 | 2002 | 1947 | Russian | Male |
| Leonid Bobykin | Леонид Бобыкин | New | Not | 1930 | Alive | 1956 | Russian | Male |
| Valery Boldin | Валерий Болдин | New | Promoted | 1935 | 2006 | 1960 | Russian | Male |
| Zoya Borovikova | Зоя Боровикова | New | Not | 1939 | 1991 | 1968 | Russian | Female |
| Yevgeny Brakov | Евге́ний Бра́ков | New | Not | 1937 | Alive | 1963 | Russian | Male |
| Vladimir Brezhnev | Владимир Брежнев | New | Not | 1931 | Alive | 1959 | Russian | Male |
| Karen Brutents | Карен Брутенц | New | Not | 1924 | 2017 | 1945 | Armenian | Male |
| Lidiya Bryzga | Лидия Брызга | New | Promoted | 1943 | 2014 | 1975 | Belarusian | Female |
| Alexander Budyka | Александр Будыка | New | Not | 1927 | 1991 | 1949 | Russian | Male |
| Sergey Burenkov | Сергей Буренков | Candidate | Resigned | 1923 | 2004 | 1945 | Russian | Male |
| Mikhail Busygin | Михаил Бусыгин | New | Not | 1931 | 2016 | 1952 | Russian | Male |
| Ivan Kalin | Иван Калин | Candidate | Not | 1935 | 2012 | 1955 | Moldovan | Male |
| Boris Chaplin | Бори́с Ча́плин | Candidate | Not | 1931 | 2015 | 1961 | Russian | Male |
| Yevgeny Chekharin | Евгений Чехарин | New | Not | 1924 | 2001 | 1950 | Russian | Male |
| Ivan Cherepanov | Иван Черепанов | New | Not | 1929 | 2015 | 1957 | Russian | Male |
| Valentin Chikin | Валентин Чикин | New | Member | 1932 | Alive | 1956 | Russian | Male |
| Nikolay Davydov | Николай Давыдов | New | Resigned | 1928 | 2012 | 1952 | Russian | Male |
| Viktor Dementsev | Виктор Деменцев | New | Resigned | 1918 | 2010 | 1940 | Russian | Male |
| Ivan Dmitriyev | Иван Дмитриев | Candidate | Not | 1920 | 1992 | 1945 | Russian | Male |
| Valentin Dmitriyev | Валентин Дмитриев | Candidate | Not | 1927 | 2020 | 1947 | Russian | Male |
| Nikolai Dybenko | Николай Дыбенко | Candidate | Not | 1928 | 2002 | 1951 | Russian | Male |
| Ismail Dzhabbarov | Исмаил Джаббаров | New | Not | 1932 | Alive | 1959 | Uzbek | Male |
| Valentin Falin | Baлeнтин Фaлин | New | Promoted | 1926 | 2018 | 1953 | Russian | Male |
| Konstantin Fomichenko | Константи́н Фомиче́нко | Candidate | Not | 1927 | 2015 | 1948 | Ukrainian | Male |
| Konstantin Frolov | Константин Фролов | New | Promoted | 1932 | 2007 | 1965 | Russian | Male |
| Natalya Gellert | Наталья Геллерт | New | Promoted | 1953 | Alive | 1973 | Russian | Female |
| Andrey Girenko | Андрей Гиренко | Candidate | Promoted | 1936 | 2017 | 1963 | Ukrainian | Male |
| Ivan Gladky | Иван Гладкий | New | Not | 1930 | 2001 | 1953 | Ukrainian | Male |
| Nikolai Glushkov | Николай Глушков | New | Resigned | 1918 | 1999 | 1945 | Russian | Male |
| Marat Gramov | Марат Грамов | New | Not | 1927 | 1998 | 1951 | Russian | Male |
| Nikolai Gribachev | Николай Грибачёв | Candidate | Not | 1910 | 1992 | 1943 | Russian | Male |
| Vladimir Grigoriev | Николай Грибачёв | New | Promoted | 1941 | 2011 | 1960 | Belarusian | Male |
| Oles Gonchar | Оле́сь Гонча́р | Candidate | Not | 1918 | 1995 | 1946 | Ukrainian | Male |
| Leonid Illichev | Леонид Ильичёв | Candidate | Not | 1906 | 1990 | 1924 | Russian | Male |
| Tatyana Ivanova | Татьяна Иванова | Candidate | Not | 1939 | Alive | 1968 | Russian | Female |
| Vladimir Ivashko | Владимир Ивашко | New | Promoted | 1932 | 1994 | 1960 | Ukrainian | Male |
| Alexander Levlev | Александр Иевлев | New | Not | 1926 | 2004 | 1950 | Russian | Male |
| Gayrat Kadyrov | Гайрат Кадыров | New | Not | 1939 | Alive | 1963 | Uzbek | Male |
| Zakash Kamalidenov | Закаш Камалиденов | New | Resigned | 1936 | 2017 | 1960 | Kazakh | Male |
| Aleksey Kamay | Алексей Камай | New | Member | 1936 | Alive | 1960 | Belarusian | Male |
| Ivan Kapitanets | Ива́н Капита́нец | New | Not | 1928 | 2018 | 1952 | Russian | Male |
| Yury Karabasov | Юрий Карабасов | New | Not | 1939 | 2021 | 1962 | Russian | Male |
| Vladimir Karpov | Владимир Карпов | New | Promoted | 1922 | 2010 | 1943 | Russian | Male |
| Valentina Kasimova | Валентина Касимова | New | Promoted | 1944 | Alive | 1972 | Russian | Female |
| Vasily Kazakov | Василий Казаков | Candidate | Not | 1929 | 2008 | 1955 | Russian | Male |
| Izatullo Khayoyev | Изатулло Хаёев | New | Member | 1936 | 2015 | 1961 | Tajik | Male |
| Leonid Khitrun | Леонид Хитрун | New | Member | 1930 | 2009 | 1955 | Belarusian | Male |
| Tikhon Khrennikov | Тихон Хренников | Candidate | Not | 1913 | 2007 | 1940 | Russian | Male |
| Tukhtakhon Kirgizbayeva | Тухтахон Киргизбаева | New | Promoted | 1942 | Alive | 1965 | Uzbek | Female |
| Gennady Kiselyov | Геннадий Киселёв | New | Not | 1936 | Alive | 1961 | Russian | Male |
| Leonid Klotskov | Леонид Герасимович Клёцков | Candidate | Not | 1918 | 1997 | 1966 | Belarusian | Male |
| Stepan Kleyko | Степан Клейко | New | Promoted | 1935 | Alive | 1966 | Russian | Male |
| Yury Kochetkov | Юрий Кочетков | New | Not | 1932 | 1996 | 1956 | Russian | Male |
| Alexey Kolbeshkin | Алексей Колбешкин | New | Promoted | 1945 | Alive | 1976 | Russian | Male |
| Georgy Kolmogorov | Георгий Колмогоров | New | Not | 1929 | Alive | 1952 | Russian | Male |
| Yuri Kolomiyets | Юрий Коломиец | Candidate | Not | 1925 | 2014 | 1953 | Ukrainian | Male |
| Nikolai Komarov | Николай Комаров | Candidate | Resigned | 1918 | 2003 | 1945 | Russian | Male |
| Vasily Konovalov | Василий Коновалов | New | Resigned | 1926 | Alive | 1947 | Russian | Male |
| Anatoly Konstantinov | Анатолий Константинов | New | Resigned | 1923 | 2006 | 1943 | Russian | Male |
| Valentin Koptyug | Валентин Коптюг | New | Promoted | 1931 | 1997 | 1961 | Russian | Male |
| Aleksandr Korkin | Алекса́ндр Ко́ркин | Candidate | Not | 1927 | 2011 | 1949 | Russian | Male |
| Mikhail Korolyov | Михаил Королёв | New | Not | 1931 | 2016 | 1960 | Russian | Male |
| Temirbek Koshoyev | Темирбек Кошоев | New | Resigned | 1931 | 2009 | 1952 | Kyrgyz | Male |
| Yevgeny Kozlovsky | Евге́ний Козло́вский | Candidate | Not | 1929 | 2022 | 1955 | Russian | Male |
| Boris Kravtsov | Борис Кравцов | Candidate | Not | 1922 | Alive | 1943 | Russian | Male |
| Vasily Kryuchkov | Василий Крючков | Candidate | Not | 1928 | 2017 | 1949 | Russian | Male |
| Orazbek Kuanyshev | Оразбек Куанышев | Candidate | Not | 1935 | 1999 | 1961 | Kazakh | Male |
| Lev Kulidzhanov | Лев Кулиджанов | Candidate | Not | 1924 | 2002 | 1962 | Armenian | Male |
| Yuly Kvitsinsky | Юлий Квицинский | New | Promoted | 1936 | 2010 | 1952 | Russian | Male |
| Ivan Laptev | Иван Лаптев | New | Not | 1936 | 2010 | 1952 | Russian | Male |
| Vladimir Listov | Владимир Листов | Candidate | Not | 1931 | 2014 | 1962 | Russian | Male |
| Yuri Lobov | Юрий Лобов | New | Promoted | 1942 | Alive | 1975 | Russian | Male |
| Vadim Loginov | Вадим Логинов | New | Not | 1927 | 2016 | 1950 | Russian | Male |
| Pyotr Luchinsky | Вадим Логинов | New | Promoted | 1941 | Alive | 1964 | Moldovans | Male |
| Vladimir Lukyanenko | Владимир Лукьяненко | New | Member | 1937 | Alive | 1963 | Ukrainian | Male |
| Nikolai Lunkov | Никола́й Лунько́в | Candidate | Not | 1919 | 2021 | 1940 | Russian | Male |
| Salidzhan Mamarasulov | Салиджан Мамарасулов | New | Member | 1930 | 2005 | 1958 | Uzbek | Male |
| Vitaliy Masol | Виталий Масол | New | Promoted | 1928 | 2018 | 1956 | Ukrainian | Male |
| Mikhail Matafonov | Михаил Матафонов | Candidate | Resigned | 1928 | 2012 | 1952 | Russian | Male |
| Tengiz Menteshashvili | Тенгиз Ментешашвили | New | Not | 1928 | 2016 | 1952 | Georgian | Male |
| Galina Merkulova | Галина Меркулова | New | Promoted | 1951 | Alive | 1976 | Uzbek | Female |
| Guram Metonidze | Гурам Метонидзе | New | Promoted | 1935 | Alive | 1964 | Georgian | Male |
| Alexander Meshkov | Александр Мешков | New | Not | 1927 | 1994 | 1953 | Russian | Male |
| Viktor Mironenko | Виктор Мироненко | New | Promoted | 1953 | Alive | 1975 | Ukrainian | Male |
| Pavel Mozhayev | Павел Можаев | New | Not | 1930 | 1991 | 1958 | Russian | Male |
| Salamat Mukashev | Саламат Мукашев | New | Resigned | 1927 | 2004 | 1950 | Kazakh | Male |
| Rysbek Myrzashev | Рысбек Мырзашев | New | Died | 1932 | 1987 | 1960 | Kazakh | Male |
| Mikhail Nenashev | Михаи́л Нена́шев | Candidate | Promoted | 1929 | 2019 | 1952 | Russian | Male |
| Vladilen Nikitin | Владилен Никитин | New | Not | 1936 | 2021 | 1965 | Russian | Male |
| Valentin Nikiforov | Валентин Никифоров | New | Not | 1934 | 2021 | 1958 | Russian | Male |
| Boris Nikolsky | Борис Никольский | New | Not | 1937 | 2007 | 1963 | Russian | Male |
| Ivan Obraztsov | Иван Образцов | Candidate | Not | 1920 | 2005 | 1944 | Russian | Male |
| Vladimir Osipov | Владимир Осипов | New | Promoted | 1933 | Alive | 1958 | Russian | Male |
| Yuri Ovchinnikov | Юрий Овчинников | Candidate | Died | 1934 | 1988 | 1962 | Russian | Male |
| Valentina Parshina | Валентина Паршина | Candidate | Promoted | 1937 | 2020 | 1965 | Russian | Female |
| Pyotr Paskar | Пётр Паскарь | Candidate | Not | 1929 | Alive | 1956 | Moldovan | Male |
| Nikolai Pavlov | Николай Павлов | New | Promoted | 1950 | Alive | 1978 | Russian | Male |
| Ivan Pentyukhov | Иван Пентюхов | New | Promoted | 1929 | 1997 | 1962 | Russian | Male |
| Aleksey Petrishchev | Алексей Петрищев | Candidate | Died | 1924 | 1986 | 1951 | Russian | Male |
| Yevgeny Podolsky | Евгений Подольский | New | Member | 1934 | 2011 | 1959 | Russian | Male |
| Yakiv Pogrebnyak | Я́ков Погребня́к | Candidate | Not | 1928 | 2016 | 1943 | Ukrainian | Male |
| Mikhail Popkov | Михаил Попков | Candidate | Not | 1924 | Alive | 1943 | Russian | Male |
| Nikolay Popov | Николай Попов | Candidate | Not | 1931 | 2008 | 1960 | Russian | Male |
| Grigory Posibeyev | Григо́рий Посибе́ев | Candidate | Member | 1935 | 2002 | 1959 | Mari | Male |
| Yevgeny Primakov | Евгений Примаков | New | Promoted | 1929 | 2015 | 1959 | Russian | Male |
| Albert Rachkov | Альбе́рт Рачко́в | Candidate | Not | 1927 | 2023 | 1955 | Russian | Male |
| Leonid Radyukevich | Леонид Радюкевич | Candidate | Not | 1932 | Alive | 1959 | Belarusian | Male |
| Vladimir Reshetilov | Владимир Решетилов | New | Not | 1937 | Alive | 1963 | Ukrainian | Male |
| Viktor Rodin | Виктор Родин | New | Not | 1928 | 2011 | 1950 | Russian | Male |
| Dmitry Romanin | Дмитрий Романин | New | Not | 1929 | 1996 | 1952 | Russian | Male |
| Ivan Romazan | Иван Ромазан | New | Promoted | 1934 | 1991 | 1964 | Russian | Male |
| Jurijs Rubenis | Юрий Рубэн | Candidate | Resigned | 1925 | 2004 | 1953 | Latvian | Male |
| Aleksey Rybakov | Алексей Рыбаков | Candidate | Resigned | 1925 | 2016 | 1945 | Russian | Male |
| Mikhail Ryzhikov | Михаил Рыжиков | New | Not | 1930 | Alive | 1953 | Russian | Male |
| Hasan Sayidov | Гасан Сеидов | New | Resigned | 1932 | 2004 | 1956 | Azerbaijani | Male |
| Vytautas Sakalauskas | Витаутас Сакалаускас | New | Not | 1933 | 2001 | 1960 | Lithuanian | Male |
| Akil Salimov | Акил Салимов | New | Not | 1928 | 2014 | 1957 | Uzbek | Male |
| Fadey Sargsyan | Фадей Саркисян | New | Resigned | 1923 | 2010 | 1945 | Armenian | Male |
| Bruno Saul | Бруно Саул | New | Not | 1932 | 2022 | 1960 | Estonian | Male |
| Lev Shapiro | Лев Шапиро | Candidate | Resigned | 1927 | 2021 | 1959 | Ukrainian | Male |
| Arkady Shchepetilnikov | Аркадий Щепетильников | New | Not | 1930 | Alive | 1958 | Ukrainian | Male |
| Sergey Shcherbakov | Сергей Щербаков | New | Not | 1925 | 1992 | 1944 | Russian | Male |
| Grigory Shirshin | Григо́рий Ши́ршин | Candidate | Member | 1934 | Alive | 1958 | Tuvan | Male |
| Aleksandr Shitov | Александр Шитов | Candidate | Not | 1925 | 2001 | 1955 | Russian | Male |
| Nikolay Shubnikov | Николай Шубников | New | Resigned | 1924 | Alive | 1946 | Russian | Male |
| Vladimir Shuralyov | Владимир Шуралёв | New | Not | 1935 | 2020 | 1959 | Russian | Male |
| Vladimir Sidorov | Владимир Сидоров | Candidate | Not | 1924 | 2000 | 1949 | Russian | Male |
| Ivan Skiba | Иван Скиба | New | Not | 1937 | Alive | 1959 | Ukrainian | Male |
| Yuri Sklyarov | Юрий Скляров | Candidate | Resigned | 1925 | 2013 | 1944 | Russian | Male |
| Pyotr Slyozko | Петро Слєзко | New | Not | 1931 | 2004 | 1954 | Russian | Male |
| Georgy Smirnov | Гео́ргий Смирно́в | Candidate | Not | 1922 | 1999 | 1943 | Russian | Male |
| Viktor Smirnov | Виктор Смирнов | New | Not | 1929 | Alive | 1951 | Russian | Male |
| Boris Snetkov | Виктор Смирнов | New | Not | 1925 | 2006 | 1945 | Russian | Male |
| Vitaly Sologub | Виталий Сологу | Candidate | Not | 1926 | 2004 | 1927 | Ukrainian | Male |
| Alexey Sorokin | Виктор Смирнов | New | Not | 1922 | 2020 | 1943 | Russian | Male |
| Lev Spiridonov | Лев Спиридонов | New | Not | 1931 | 2009 | 1956 | Russian | Male |
| Nikolai Stashenkov | Николай Сташенков | New | Not | 1934 | Alive | 1960 | Russian | Male |
| Vladimir Toropov | Владимир Торопов | New | Not | 1938 | 1996 | 1962 | Russian | Male |
| Oleg Troyanovsky | Олег Трояновский | New | Not | 1919 | 2003 | 1947 | Russian | Male |
| Gennady Ulanov | Олег Трояновский | New | Not | 1929 | 2018 | 1956 | Russian | Male |
| Yuri Valov | Юрий Валов | New | Not | 1934 | 2012 | 1961 | Russian | Male |
| Valentin Varennikov | Валентин Варенников | New | Not | 1923 | 2009 | 1944 | Russian | Male |
| Yevgeny Varnachyov | Евгений Варначёв | New | Not | 1932 | 2018 | 1963 | Russian | Male |
| Lev Vasilyev | Лев Васильев | New | Not | 1925 | 2023 | 1951 | Russian | Male |
| Igor Velichko | Игорь Величко | New | Not | 1934 | 2014 | 1964 | Ukrainian | Male |
| Evgeny Velikhov | Евгений Велихов | New | Promoted | 1935 | Alive | 1971 | Russian | Male |
| Ivan Vladychenko | Ива́н Влады́ченко | Candidate | Not | 1924 | 2022 | 1943 | Ukrainian | Male |
| Gennady Voronovsky | Геннадий Вороновский | New | Resigned | 1924 | Alive | 1955 | Russian | Male |
| Ivan Yastrebov | Иван Я́стребов | Candidate | Resigned | 1911 | 2002 | 1941 | Russian | Male |
| Bally Yazkuliyev | Баллы Язкулиев | Candidate | Not | 1930 | Alive | 1953 | Turkmen | Male |
| Anatoly Yefimov | Анатолий Ефимов | New | Member | 1939 | Alive | 1966 | Russian | Male |
| Georgy Yegorov | Гео́ргий Его́ров | New | Resigned | 1918 | 2008 | 1942 | Russian | Male |
| Yevgeny Yeliseyev | Евгений Елисеев | New | Not | 1936 | Alive | 1959 | Russian | Male |
| Filipp Yermash | Филипп Ермаш | Candidate | Resigned | 1923 | 2002 | 1945 | Russian | Male |
| Vladimir Zakharov | Владимир Захаров | Candidate | Not | 1936 | Alive | 1961 | Russian | Male |
| Yuri Zhukov | Юрий Жуков; | Candidate | Resigned | 1908 | 1991 | 1943 | Russian | Male |
References
[edit]Citations
[edit]- ^ "XXVII-й съезд Коммунистической партии Советского Союза 25.2 - 6.3.1986" (in Russian). Справочник по истории Коммунистической партии и Советского Союза 1898 - 1991. Retrieved 26 October 2014.
- ^ Central Intelligence Agency 1986, p. iii.
- ^ a b c d e Central Intelligence Agency 1986, p. 6.
- ^ a b c d e Central Intelligence Agency 1986, p. 5.
- ^ a b Central Intelligence Agency 1986, pp. 2–3.
- ^ a b c Gill 1994, p. 17.
- ^ a b Central Intelligence Agency 1986, pp. 6–7.
- ^ Gill 1994, p. 24.
- ^ Central Intelligence Agency 1986, p. 7.
- ^ Gill 1994, p. 19.
- ^ Gill 1994, pp. 19–21.
- ^ Gill 1994, p. 27.
- ^ a b c Gill 1994, p. 21.
- ^ a b c d e f Gill 1994, p. 22.
- ^ Gill 1994, pp. 22–23.
- ^ a b Gill 1994, p. 23.
- ^ a b c Gill 1994, p. 28.
- ^ Gill 1994, p. 29.
- ^ a b c Gill 1994, p. 32.
- ^ Gill 1994, p. 33.
- ^ Gill 1994, pp. 33–36.
- ^ Hough 1997, p. 318.
- ^ a b Hough 1997, p. 319.
- ^ Hough 1997, p. 320.
- ^ a b c Gill 1994, p. 37.
- ^ Gill 1994, p. 38.
- ^ Gill 1994, p. 30.
- ^ a b c d Brown 1997, p. 168.
- ^ Hough 1997, p. 326.
- ^ a b c Hough 1997, p. 321.
- ^ Hough 1997, p. 322.
- ^ a b c Hough 1997, p. 324.
- ^ Hough 1997, pp. 324–325.
- ^ a b c Hough 1997, p. 325.
- ^ a b Garthoff 2000, p. 347.
- ^ a b c Garthoff 2000, p. 348.
- ^ a b c d e f g Brown 1997, p. 172.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Brown 1997, p. 173.
- ^ a b c d e f Brown 1997, p. 174.
- ^ Simons & White 1984, pp. 423–425.
- ^ "Съезды, конференции, пленумы и заседания РСДРП - РСДРП(б) - РКП(б) - ВКП(б) - КПСС" [Congresses, conferences, plenums and meetings of the RSDLP - RSDLP(b) - RCP(b) - CPSU]. Knowbysight.info. Archived from the original on 8 April 2022. Retrieved 16 April 2022.
- ^ a b "Центральный Комитет, избранный XXVI съездом КПСС 3.3.1981, члены" [Central Committee elected by the XXVI Congress of the CPSU 3.3.1981, members]. Knowbysight.info. Archived from the original on 25 April 2022. Retrieved 21 May 2022.
- ^ a b "Центральный Комитет, избранный XXVII съездом КПСС 6.3.1986, члены" [Central Committee elected by the XXVII Congress of the CPSU 6.3.1986, members]. Knowbysight.info. Archived from the original on 16 April 2022. Retrieved 21 May 2022.
- ^ a b "Центральный Комитет, избранный XXVIII съездом КПСС 13.7.1990, члены" [Central Committee elected by the XXVIII Congress of the CPSU 13.7.1990, members]. Knowbysight.info. Archived from the original on 17 May 2022. Retrieved 21 May 2022.
- ^ a b "Персональный состав Центрального комитета РСДРП - РСДРП(б) - РКП(б) - ВКП(б) - КПСС" [Composition of the Central Committee of the RSDLP - RSDLP(b) - RCP(b) - VKP(b) - CPSU]. Knowbysight.info. Archived from the original on 31 March 2022. Retrieved 16 April 2022.
Bibliography
[edit]- Central Intelligence Agency (April 1986). "The 27th CPSU Congress: Gorbachev's Unfinished Business" (PDF). Directorate of Intelligence of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).
- Brown, Archie (1997). The Gorbachev Factor. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0192880527.
- Garthoff, Raymond (2000). The Great Transition: American–Soviet Relations and the End of the Cold War. Brookings Institution Press. ISBN 0815730608.
- Gill, Graeme (1994). The Collapse of a Single-Party System: The Disintegration of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521469430.
- Hough, Jerry (1997). Democratization and Revolution in the USSR, 1985–91. Brookings Institution Press. ISBN 0815737491.
- Simons, Williams; White, Stephens, eds. (1984). "Chapter 3: Statute of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union". The Party Statutes of the Communist World. Law in Eastern Europe. Brill Publishers. pp. 413–435. ISBN 9024729750.