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2021–2024 Democratic Republic of the Congo attacks

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2021–2024 Democratic Republic of the Congo attacks
Part of the Kivu conflict and the Allied Democratic Forces insurgency
Date3 January 2021–ongoing
(3 years, 10 months, 2 weeks and 4 days)
Location
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Status Ongoing
Belligerents

 Democratic Republic of the Congo
 Uganda

Supported by
 United States[1]
United Nations MONUSCO
 Belgium[2]		 ADF
 ISIS
Mai-Mai
Mai-Mai Kata Katanga
CODECO
Patriotic and Integrationist Force of Congo
Mai-Mai Simba
Mayi-Mayi Malaika
Raia Mutomboki
Alliance of Patriots for a Free and Sovereign Congo
FDLR
March 23 Movement
Lord's Resistance Army
Commanders and leaders
Democratic Republic of the Congo Felix Tshisekedi
Democratic Republic of the Congo Gilbert Kabanda
Democratic Republic of the Congo Camille Bombele Lohola
Uganda Yoweri Museveni
Uganda Kayanja Muhanga
Uganda Vincent Ssempijja		 Musa Baluku
Casualties and losses
82 killed
At least 1 injured
69 captured
4 camps destroyed

Total casualties (on all sides):

711 casualties 322 injured

Attacks were carried out by various armed groups in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2021 and 2022. The attacks have killed 629 and injured 321 (not including rebel casualties). At least 82 perpetrators were also killed and one injured in these attacks.

Throughout the conflict, rebel troops have carried out raids and massacres across the DRC, resulting in heavy civilian casualties. In October 2021, the Allied Democratic Forces launched a bombing campaign in Uganda, leading to the intervention of the Ugandan military a year later, which has pursued a policy of airstrikes against ADF targets.[3][4][5][6][7][8] In contrast, the Islamic State has reportedly lent support to the Allied Democratic Forces.[9]

The government under Félix Tshisekedi has tried to combat the insurgency by declaring martial law, with mixed success.[10][11]

Humanitarian situation

[edit]

Ongoing conflict in the country has led to a humanitarian crisis, with hundreds of people killed by both sides.[12] UN convoys have been raided, leading to the murder of Italian ambassador Luca Attanasio, possibly by the FDLR.[13][14][15] The UNHCR has estimated that around 20,000 civilians have been displaced, often several times, during the attacks.[16] Many refugee camps for these displaced people have been raided by rebels, prompting condemnation from the United Nations.[17][18][19]

According to reporters, the ADF has used civilians as human shields, which is a war crime under international law.[20]

Timeline

[edit]

2021

[edit]
Date Location Dead Injured Details
4 January Mwenda, Beni territory, North Kivu 22 unknown 22 people were killed when the ADF attack the village of Mwenda with machetes and guns.[21]
5 January Baboa Bokoe chiefdom, Ituri 4 unknown Three civilians and one soldier was kill in a FPIC attack on three villages setting fire to multiple homes.[22]
10 January Nyamitwitwi, Rutshuru, North Kivu 6 (+2) 1 Six park rangers were killed and one injured when Mai-Mai attacked their positions.[23]
12 January Bahatsha, Ituri 3 (+2) unknown ADF ambushed a company of FARDC soldiers in the village of Bahatsha killing three and losing two of their own.[24]
13 January locality of Abembi, Ituri 15 unknown ADF attacked a village in the locality of Abembi killing 15 people.[25]
14 January Irumu territory 46 unknown 46 people were killed when ADF militants attacked a village in the Irumu territory.[26]
18 January chiefdom of Bwito, North Kivu 1 3 Four civilians were kidnapped and one beheaded in the chiefdom of Bwito when unidentified armed men demanding US$3,000 for their release.[27]
26 January Mogóró cell, Nord-Ubangi Province 0 6 Anti-balaka rebels from the Central African Republic crossed over into the DRC and kidnapped six fishermen along the Ubangi river.[28]
5 February Mabule, North Kivu 12 unknown Twelve people were killed when ADF attacked the village of Mabule.[29]
7 February Osso-Banyungu sector, North kivu 1 3 Mai-Mai killed the official delegate of the governor of North Kivu, Mai-Mai also kidnapped a person at the scene.[30]
9 February Kithovirwa, Ituri 10 unknown ADF killed ten people in Kithovirwa village with knives.[31]
10 February Linji, Ituri 2 1 Two people were killed and another wounded when bandits attacked Linji village at 10 p.m. local time, stealing valuables.[32]
13 February Kabarole, Ituri 1 unknown FPIC militiamen attacked the village of Kabarole at 3 p.m. local time killing a woman and stealing 60 cows.[33]
14 February Lubumbashi 5 (+6) unknown Four police and one civilian were killed when the Bakata-Katanga militia attack Lubumbashi. Six attackers were also killed.[34][35]
14 February locality of Ndalya, Ituri 14 unknown Fourteen civilians were killed and a church burned when ADF attacked the locality of Ndalya at 10 a.m. local time.[36]
15 February Kalembo, North Kivu 10 unknown Ten civilians were killed and pharmacies and shops looted when ADF attacked the village of Kalembo.[37]
17 February commune of Oicha, North Kivu 4 2 ADF attacked the commune of Oicha at 7:30 pm local time killing four and injuring two.[38]
18–19 February Mongwalu, Ituri 10(+6) unknown CODECO militants from the URDPC branch attacked the city of Mongwalu killing ten people, burning 30 homes, and looting many others. CODECO lost six of their own soldier in the attack.[39]
19 February Musuku, North Kivu 1 1 ADF ambushed a motorcycle in Musuku killing one and injuring one.[40]
22 February Virunga National Park, North Kivu 3 0 Killing of Luca Attanasio- Luca Attanasio, the Italian ambassador to the Democratic Republic of the Congo, was assassinated along with two others by suspected FDLR gunmen while traveling through Virunga National Park.
22 February Kisima sector, Ituri 10 unknown ADF attacked a village at 6 p.m. local time killing ten people and setting a house on fire.[41]
22 February commune of Oicha, Ituri 1(+1) unknown ADF attacked the commune of Oicha at 11 p.m. local time killing one but losing one of their own in an FARDC counterattack.[41]
23 February Mugangu, Ituri 11 unknown FPIC attacked the village of Mugangu killing 11 and burning 19 homes.[42]
23–24 February Tchibi Tchibi, K25 Mongali and Kabakaba, Ituri 4 1 CODECO killed three gold miners working at a quarry called "America" in the town of Kabakaba and one woman working in the field in the town of Tchibi Tchibi.[43]
25 February Makeke, North Kivu 1 (+2) Unknown Mai-Mai attacked FARDC positions in the village of Makeke. The attack was repelled with two militia men being killed and 12 being captured as well and one soldier being killed.[44]
25 February Kolimumu hill, Ituri 3 0 ADF attacked near Kolimumu hill killing three and burning several houses.[45]
26 February Makisabo, Ituri 3 0 ADF ambushed a Toyota Dyna in the village of Makisabo killing three civilians inside.[46]
28 February Boyo, North Kivu 16 Unknown An ADF attack near the town of Boyo killed 16.[47][48]
28 February Kitimba, North Kivu 2 (+2) 2 ADF attacked the village of Kitimba killing two, injuring two, and burning five houses, two ADF fighters were killed in an army response.[49]
28 February locality of Bwakadi, Ituri 7 3 ADF attacked the localities of Bwakadi village and Banande-Kainama region looting them, burning ten homes, killing 7 civilians and injuring 3.[50]
1 March Babelebe chiefdom, Ituri 3 (+16) Unknown The FPIC attacked Kunda, Mwanga, Babunya and Magalabo villages stealing valuable and setting fire to 20 homes, the military responded killing 16 militiamen while losing three soldiers.[51]
2 March Mambelenga, Ituri territory 14 (+2) Unknown ADF attacked a market in the town of Mambelenga killing 14 and leaving two of their own fighters dead.[52][53]
4 March Makumo, North Kivu 1 4 ten Mai-Mai Simba soldiers led by war lord Morgan attacked the village of Makumo killing one soldier and wounding four civilians.[54]
8 March Appende village, Ituri 8 Unknown An ADF attacked the village of Appende burning 10 homes and killing eight.[55]
8 March Kasange, Tanganyika Province 4 7 Mayi-Mayi Malaika attacked the town of Kasange looting it then attacked FARDC positions in the town killing four and wounding seven.[56]
10 March Matombo village 3 Unknown An ADF attack on the town of Matombo kills three.[57]
13 March Mutweyi village, Ituri 0 20+ ADF attacked the village of Mutweyi taking at least 20 hostages.[58]
15 March Bulongo city, North Kivu 17 Unknown An ADF attack on Bulongo city kills 17.[52][59]
15 March Garua, Ituri 16 40 CODECO attacked the village of Garua in retaliation for the murder of a youth by tribal militia the day before. The CODECO attack continued throughout the area and ultimately left 16 killed and 40 injured.[60]
19 March Hotel-Bega/Mayalibo, Ituri 11 unknown ADF attacked the village of Hotel-Bega/Mayalibo killing eleven people.[61]
21 March DII, Ituri 5 14 CODECO launched an assault on the town of DII triggering a battle between FARDC and CODECO, the battle left Five civilian dead and six seriously injured, CODECO also took eight hostages, after the battle was over a riot was started with rioters burning tires and a car belonging to the United Nations.[62]
22 March Samboko-Chanichani, North kivu 10 Unknown An ADF attack on Samboko-Chanichani kills 10.[63]
25 March Kalonge village, Lubero territory 0 20 A Mai-Mai headed by general Kabido abducted 20 people from Kalonge village.[52][64]
28 March Kangote barrier, North kivu 2 (+1) 0 Mayi-Mayi militiamen attacked Kangote barrier checkpoint killing a soldier and police officer and losing one of their own in the clash.[65]
29 March Samboko-Chanichani, North kivu 5 Unknown Five people were killed with machetes in the town of Samboko-Chanichani by the ADF.[66]
30 March Molisomambandada, Ituri 4 (+3) Unknown ADF attacked the village of Molisomambandada killing four civilians before attacking army positions losing three in the clash with the army.[67]
30–31 March Moliso, North Kivu 29 (+2) 50 ADF militants attacked the town of Moliso and stormed 2101st Congolese army regiment base, killing 29 civilians and kidnapping 50 others.[68]
31 March Katimba, Maniema province unknown Unknown A battle between two Mai-Mai militia groups left 200 house burned and valuable looted.[69]
1–2 April Bahaya grouping, Maniema province 4 Unknown Four people were killed and 250 houses burned when Mai-Mai Pygmies led by Mundus attacked six villages,[70]
4 April Kalonge and Katasomwa, South Kivu 2 (+5) 0 Raia Mutomboki militia attacked positions of the army in Kalonge and Katasomwa localities killing two soldiers but losing five of their own in the process.[71]
4 April Mungwanga, Ituri 0 20 ADF attacked the village of Mungwanga kidnapping 20 people and stealing cassava flour, corn, goats, and chickens.[72]
5 April Mpati and Kishovu, North Kivu 2 (+1) 1 Nyatura militiamen from the Bazungu and APCLS group attacked positions of the FARDC in Mpati killing one civilians, kidnaping one soldiers, and stealing weapons. APCLS-Nyatura lost one soldier in the attack. In Kishovu, Nyatura Bazungu attacked a police station killing one police officer and stealing two weapons.[73]
6 April Katsu, Djugu territory 5 Unknown Five people were killed by CODECO in the village of Katsu.[74]
7 April Artisanal gold mine, Tanganyika province 0 15 Fifteen miners were kidnapped by eight militiamen.[75]
9 April Makisabo and Kilya, North Kivu 2 1 The ADF attacked the villages of Makisabo and Kilya killed two, injured one more, and set fire to two vehicles.[76]
10 April Djugu territory 9 20 CODECO militiamen attacked the villages of Jiba, Tsoro, Lopaz and Nyeniza. In Jiba CODECO killed three soldiers and three civilians. In Tsoro CODECO set fire to a vehicle belonging to the NGO MEMISA. In Lopa CODECO killed three civilians, burned three vehicles, and stole two other vehicles. In Nyeniza CODECO took 10 people as hostages.[77][78]
16 April Bakwakenge, Kasai Province 13 Unknown Ethnic violence between the Luba and Kuba ethnic groups in the town of Bakwakenge felt 13 dead and 190 homes burned.[79]
16 April Bushushu, South Kivu 4 Unknown A land dispute escalated into conflict leaving four people dead and 22 houses destroyed.[80]
16 April Fataki, Ituri 3 Unknown Three people were killed and more than a hundred houses burned when CODECO attacked Fataki.[81]
18 April Nyakunde center, Ituri 4 Unknown Three civilians and one soldier were killed when FPIC attack the Nyakunde center capturing the village and setting fire to four cars.[82]
21 April Lubigi, South Kivu 2 unknown One civilian and one soldier unidentified armed men attacked gold trading center, the armed men stole large amount of cash and gold.[83]
21 April Malera, South Kivu 1 unknown One civilian was killed, seven cows were stolen, and several houses were burned in an attack by Gumino / Twigwaneho militia on the village of Malera.
23 April Aveyi, Ituri 8 20 Eight people were killed and 20 people taken as people as hostages in an ADF attack on the village of Aveyi.[84]
24 April Bunia, Ituri 3 unknown Two soldiers and one civilian were killed in an FPIC attack near Bunia.[85]
25 April Mantumbi, North Kivu 5 unknown Five people were killed in an ADF attack on the locality of Mantumbi.[86]
25 April Shonga, North Kivu 6 unknown Unknown armed men attacked the village of Shonga killing six.[87]
8 May Lukaya, Ituri province 2(+1) unknown An ADF attack on an army position in the town of Lukaya left two civilians and one ADF member dead.[88]
9 May Nyunzu territory, Tanganika province 21 unknown An ambush on a motorcycle left three people dead in Kanani. A militia attack on the village of Kasoso left 18 people dead.[89]
10 May Kilia, North Kivu 5 0 An ADF attack on the village of Kilia and the UN base there killing five inducing a UN peacekeeper from Malawi.[90]
11–16 May Mambasa territory, Ituri 21 52 A series of ADF attacks in Mambasa territory left 21 people dead and 52 people taken hostage.[91]
13 May Kamango neighborhoods, North Kivu 3(+1) 0 A Congolese soldier killed three members of his family before committing suicide.[92]
18 May Beni, North Kivu 1 0 Suspected ADF assassinated an imam while he was returning home.[93]
27 May Beni, North Kivu 26 unknown Suspected Islamist militants attacked villages in an overnight raid.[94][95]
27 May Kasindi, North Kivu 3 0 The ADF attacked truck carrying cocoa, setting it on fire and killing three people.[95]
27 May North Kivu 5 0 The ADF burned five people alive in their homes.[95]
29 May Kinyatsi, North Kivu 6 0 The ADF burned six people alive in their house in Kinyatsi.[96]
30–31 May Boga and Tchabi, Ituri 60+ Many A massacre committed by an unknown group of militants, likely ADF killed at least 60 people. The militants attacked the town of Boga killing at least 36 people then attacked the town of Tchabi killing at least 24.[97]
4 June Ntoma-Halungupa road, North kivu 2 0 ADF militants ambushed a motorcycle carrying a soldier and a civilian killing both of them.[98]
8 June Kinyanjojo and Boga-center, Ituri 8 (+22) 1+ An Unknown armed group attacked Kinyanjojo and Boga-center looting shops and setting fire to General Reference Hospital. The Army managed to push the attackers back inflicting 22 casualties but not after they killed eight civilian. One soldiers was injured and one AK-47 was recovered from the retreating attackers.[99]
24 June Luhanga, North Kivu 0 25 25 people were taken hostage by the Patriots Front for Peace, a group run by warlord Kabido.[100]
26 June Tokotoko, Ituri 5 0 Five hostages taken by the ADF were killed in the village of Tokotoko.[101]
27 June Beni, North Kivu 1 3 A bombing a Malumalu roundabout kills one and injures three.[102]
27 June Beni, North Kivu 0 2 A bombing targeting a Catholic church injured two and blew out the windows in the church.[102][103]
2 July Djugu territory, Ituri 13 unknown CODECO attacked several villages in Djugu territory killing 13 and setting fire to several homes.[104]
11 July Thali village, Ituri 3 unknown CODECO ambushed a group of people killing three and stealing valuables.[105]
12 July Walese Vonkutu chiefdom, Ituri 18 unknown The ADF attacked several villages in the chiefdom of Walese Vonkutu killing 18 people.[106]
13 July Musangwa, North kivu 3 unknown Three people were killed when Mayi-Mayi fighters attack the village of Musangwa.[107]
14 July Batumbi, Ituri 1 1 An anti-personal mine laid by the Ituri Patriotic Resistance Force killed a man and injured another.[108]
15 July Tinda Bridge, Ituri 4 2 Four people were killed and two injured near Tinda Bridge when an unknown group opened fire on a car.[109]
15 July Beni, North Kivu 2 0 The ADF killed two civil society members in Beni.[110]
15 July Rujumba village, Ituri 3 0 A FPIC attack on the village of Rujumba killed three people.[111]
16 July Liva village, North Kivu 4 0 An ADF attack on farmer in the village of Liva killed four.[112]
2 August Idohu, Ituri province 16 An ADF attack on civilians. Congolese soldiers were present during the massacre but failed to respond to the attack.[11]
27 August Kalanguta, Beni territory 19 An attack possibly committed by the ADF. Several people were kidnapped.[11]
3 September Makutano, Ituri province 30 ADF machete attack on a village north of Oicha.[113]
21 November Drodro refugee camp, Ituri province 44 An ADF massacre against a refugee camp in Ituri. The exact amount of casualties remains unclear.[17][114]
25 December In Box restaurant, Beni 7 13 An ADF suicide bomber kills seven.[115]

2022

[edit]
Date Location Fatalities Description
5 January Nzenkeka, Beni Takemata, North Kivu 3 An ADF attack on civilians kills three civilians, including one woman.[116]
2 February Plaine Savo, Djugu territory, Ituri 60+ CODECO militiamen murdered over 60 civilians at an IDP camp in the Plaine Savo massacre.
28 March Goma, Ituri Province None M23 rebels attack Congolese military bases
29 March Tshanzu, Kivu 8 A helicopter carrying Pakistani, Russian, and Serbian soldiers crashes. Both M23 and Congolese soldiers accuse the other side.
3 April Masambo, Beni territory 21 An ADF attack on the village kills dozens.
5 April Djugu territory 1 Unknown militiamen kill one Nepalese UN peacekeeper.
8 May Ituri province 35 CODECO rebels attack a gold mine.
10 May Fataki, Ituri province 14 CODECO militants attack people at a refugee camp
30 May North Kivu 15 Suspected ADF attack.
6 June Ituri province 12 Suspected CODECO militants attack a village.
26 July Goma 15 UN peacekeepers fire on civilians protesting the UN's involvement in the Congo.

2023

[edit]

2024

[edit]
Date Location Fatalities Description
5 June Beni 16 Suspected rebel attack.[117]
7 June Masala, Mapasana, and Mahini 41 Suspected ADF attack.[118]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
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