2020 Colorado Proposition 114
Reintroduction and Management of Gray Wolves | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Results | ||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ||||||||||||||||||||||
 
| ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Source:Colorado Secretary of State[1] | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Elections in Colorado |
|---|
 |
Colorado Proposition 114 (also the Reintroduction and Management of Gray Wolves Proposition, and formerly Initiative #107) was a ballot measure that was approved in Colorado in the November 2020 elections. It was a proposal to reintroduce the gray wolf back into the state. The proposition was passed with a narrow margin, making Colorado the first US state to pass legislation to reintroduce wildlife.[2]
Background and proposal
[edit]Gray wolves are native to North America,[3] including Colorado and were once present across the state. Overhunting of common prey (especially elk) and an increase in livestock numbers forced them into conflict with ranchers.[4][5] Wolves were hunted, trapped and poisoned into local extinction by the 1940s.[6]
The Colorado Parks and Wildlife Commission rejected a proposal to reintroduce the gray wolf in 2016, citing the potential impact on big game and livestock ranching in the state as well as the fact that the national gray wolf population elsewhere had already exceeded federal conservation goals.[7] Resolutions by the Commission opposing reintroduction had also been passed in 1982 and 1989.[8]
Proposition 114 was instigated through ballot initiative as Initiative #107. Rocky Mountain Wolf Action Fund claimed in December 2019 that they had gathered 211,000 signatures in support of Initiative #107.[9] In January 2020 it was confirmed that the initiative had collected 139,333 valid signatures, above the 124,632 signatures needed to be included in the 2020 elections.[10]
Proposition 114 directs the Colorado Parks and Wildlife Commission to:[11]
- Develop plans to begin to reintroduce and manage gray wolves in designated areas in Colorado west of the Continental Divide by December 31, 2023.
- Hold hearings across the state on scientific, economic and social considerations.
- Periodically update the plan using public input.
- Use state funds to help livestock owners adapt to prevent conflict with wolf populations, and to pay fair compensation for livestock losses to gray wolves.
Almost all the potential core wolf habitat is in the west of Colorado, in or to the west of the Southern Rocky Mountains,[12] whereas the state's most populous areas are more to the east.[13] The proposals were estimated to cost between $5 million and $6 million over six years.[14]
Campaign
[edit]Support
[edit]The Rocky Mountain Wolf Action Fund led the campaign in support of Proposition 114.[15][16]
It was argued that wolves would "restore Colorado's natural balance", and that reintroduction was needed to counter the effects of the gray wolf's protections under the Endangered Species Act being removed in October 2020.[12][17] Mike Phillips, a wolf biologist, said that having gray wolves in Colorado again would "serve as the archstone" in connecting wolf populations to the north and south.[18]
Endorsements
[edit]Individuals
- Dominique Jackson, member of the Colorado House of Representatives for District 42[19]
- Leilani Munter, environmental activist and former racing driver
- Mike Phillips, member of the Montana Senate and wolf biologist[20]
Newspapers
Organisations
Opposition
[edit]Stop The Wolf PAC led the campaign against Proposition 114.[16]
It was argued that the proposition would have negative effects on ranchers like past propositions, such as one in the 1990s which banned hunting by trapping, snare or poison.[29][30] Some opponents of the proposition argued that wolves should naturally repopulate the state rather than state agencies interfering.[30]
By October 2020, 39 of Colorado's 64 counties adopted resolutions opposing the measure.[31]
Endorsements
[edit]Individuals
- Bob Beauprez, former member of the U.S. House of Representatives for Colorado's 7th district (2003–2007)[32]
- Ted Harvey, former member of the Colorado Senate (2007–2015) and the Colorado House of Representatives (2001–2006)[31]
- Mark Hillman, former State Senator (1998–2005) and former Colorado State Treasurer (2005–2006)[33]
- Ted Nugent, singer-songwriter[34]
Newspapers
- Colorado Springs Gazette[35]
- Fort Morgan Times[36]
- Journal-Advocate[37]
- Steamboat Pilot & Today[38]
- Sentinel Colorado[39]
Organisations
Neutral
[edit]Results
[edit]Statewide
[edit]| Choice | Votes | % |
|---|---|---|
 Yes
|
1,590,299 | 50.91 |
| No | 1,533,313 | 49.09 |
| Valid votes | 3,123,612 | 94.89 |
| Invalid or blank votes | 168,049 | 5.11 |
| Total votes | 3,291,661 | 100.00 |
| Registered voters/turnout | 4,211,531 | 78.16 |
By county
[edit]| County[1][44] | Yes votes | No votes | Yes (%) | No (%) | Valid votes | Turnout (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adams | 117,002 | 107,937 | 52.01% | 47.99% | 224,939 | 75.58% |
| Alamosa | 2,853 | 4,728 | 37.63% | 62.37% | 7,581 | 72.45% |
| Arapahoe | 178,704 | 155,486 | 53.47% | 46.53% | 334,190 | 77.07% |
| Archuleta | 3,119 | 5,638 | 35.62% | 64.38% | 8,757 | 76.82% |
| Baca | 394 | 1,724 | 18.60% | 81.40% | 2,118 | 75.72% |
| Bent | 743 | 1,457 | 33.77% | 66.23% | 2,200 | 68.73% |
| Boulder | 132,607 | 62,955 | 67.81% | 32.19% | 195,562 | 81.68% |
| Broomfield | 24,774 | 20,147 | 55.15% | 44.85% | 44,921 | 82.49% |
| Chaffee | 5,861 | 7,439 | 44.07% | 55.93% | 13,300 | 81.29% |
| Cheyenne | 221 | 891 | 19.87% | 80.13% | 1,112 | 80.25% |
| Clear Creek | 3,162 | 3,226 | 49.50% | 50.50% | 6,388 | 76.93% |
| Conejos | 1,064 | 3,079 | 25.68% | 74.32% | 4,143 | 79.07% |
| Costilla | 922 | 1,004 | 47.87% | 52.13% | 1,926 | 70.69% |
| Crowley | 540 | 1,156 | 31.84% | 68.16% | 1,696 | 74.93% |
| Custer | 1,160 | 2,373 | 32.83% | 67.17% | 3,533 | 82.21% |
| Delta | 4,668 | 14,194 | 24.75% | 75.25% | 18,862 | 81.95% |
| Denver | 249,877 | 126,776 | 66.34% | 33.66% | 376,653 | 76.24% |
| Dolores | 302 | 1,119 | 21.25% | 78.75% | 1,421 | 76.40% |
| Douglas | 100,221 | 121,816 | 45.14% | 54.86% | 222,037 | 84.43% |
| Eagle | 13,067 | 14,987 | 46.58% | 53.42% | 28,054 | 77.53% |
| El Paso | 185,854 | 177,977 | 51.08% | 48.92% | 363,831 | 74.15% |
| Elbert | 5,383 | 13,210 | 28.95% | 71.05% | 18,593 | 84.37% |
| Fremont | 9,308 | 15,573 | 37.41% | 62.59% | 24,881 | 77.76% |
| Garfield | 11,039 | 18,974 | 36.78% | 63.22% | 30,013 | 76.73% |
| Gilpin | 1,965 | 2,167 | 47.56% | 52.44% | 4,132 | 74.96% |
| Grand | 3,424 | 6,135 | 35.82% | 64.18% | 9,559 | 75.56% |
| Gunnison | 4,676 | 6,201 | 42.99% | 57.01% | 10,877 | 78.15% |
| Hinsdale | 174 | 439 | 28.38% | 71.62% | 613 | 80.71% |
| Huerfano | 1,851 | 2,403 | 43.51% | 56.49% | 4,254 | 76.99% |
| Jackson | 112 | 747 | 13.04% | 86.96% | 859 | 69.89% |
| Jefferson | 185,173 | 177,016 | 51.13% | 48.87% | 362,189 | 83.01% |
| Kiowa | 148 | 726 | 16.93% | 83.07% | 874 | 84.17% |
| Kit Carson | 754 | 2,984 | 20.17% | 79.83% | 3,738 | 76.53% |
| La Plata | 18,015 | 16,140 | 52.74% | 47.26% | 34,155 | 73.83% |
| Lake | 1,767 | 2,063 | 46.14% | 53.86% | 3,830 | 67.75% |
| Larimer | 111,344 | 104,020 | 51.70% | 48.30% | 215,364 | 80.73% |
| Las Animas | 3,034 | 4,633 | 39.57% | 60.43% | 7,667 | 69.08% |
| Lincoln | 549 | 2,024 | 21.34% | 78.66% | 2,573 | 77.65% |
| Logan | 2,686 | 7,538 | 26.27% | 73.73% | 10,224 | 79.49% |
| Mesa | 26,808 | 61,004 | 30.53% | 69.47% | 87,812 | 76.85% |
| Mineral | 200 | 537 | 27.14% | 72.86% | 737 | 81.86% |
| Moffat | 1,147 | 5,699 | 16.75% | 83.25% | 6,846 | 72.76% |
| Montezuma | 5,529 | 9,492 | 36.81% | 63.19% | 15,021 | 73.45% |
| Montrose | 5,730 | 18,414 | 23.73% | 76.27% | 24,144 | 80.65% |
| Morgan | 3,990 | 9,331 | 29.95% | 70.05% | 13,321 | 75.71% |
| Otero | 3,270 | 6,054 | 35.07% | 64.93% | 9,324 | 74.22% |
| Ouray | 1,836 | 2,056 | 47.17% | 52.83% | 3,892 | 82.52% |
| Park | 4,575 | 7,356 | 38.35% | 61.65% | 11,931 | 76.47% |
| Phillips | 541 | 1,853 | 22.60% | 77.40% | 2,394 | 73.86% |
| Pitkin | 6,976 | 4,330 | 61.70% | 38.30% | 11,306 | 79.48% |
| Prowers | 1,473 | 3,891 | 27.46% | 72.54% | 5,364 | 72.66% |
| Pueblo | 41,430 | 43,796 | 48.61% | 51.39% | 85,226 | 74.58% |
| Rio Blanco | 439 | 3,164 | 12.18% | 87.82% | 3,603 | 77.89% |
| Rio Grande | 1,838 | 4,306 | 29.92% | 70.08% | 6,144 | 74.39% |
| Routt | 6,005 | 10,297 | 36.84% | 63.16% | 16,302 | 79.33% |
| Saguache | 1,532 | 1,710 | 47.25% | 52.75% | 3,242 | 72.77% |
| San Juan | 300 | 231 | 56.50% | 43.50% | 531 | 73.96% |
| San Miguel | 3,140 | 1,774 | 63.90% | 36.10% | 4,914 | 77.88% |
| Sedgwick | 357 | 1,027 | 25.79% | 74.21% | 1,384 | 76.81% |
| Summit | 9,593 | 8,036 | 54.42% | 45.58% | 17,629 | 72.95% |
| Teller | 6,871 | 9,592 | 41.74% | 58.26% | 16,463 | 77.56% |
| Washington | 497 | 2,429 | 16.99% | 83.01% | 2,926 | 82.24% |
| Weld | 66,806 | 93,915 | 41.57% | 58.43% | 160,721 | 77.62% |
| Yuma | 899 | 3,917 | 18.67% | 81.33% | 4,816 | 81.32% |
Aftermath
[edit]In the 2021 regular session of the Colorado Legislature, HB21-1037 was introduced by Representative Matt Soper and Senators Bob Rankin and Ray Scott. The bill sought to limit the areas where the wolves are reintroduced into, to those which voted for Proposition 114 and those which are not home to animals which are the prey of gray wolves and designated by Colorado Parks and Wildlife to be threatened or endangered.[45] A non-partisan analysis from legislative staff commented that the bill "would appear to rule out any reintroduction".[46] The bill failed to progress from the Colorado House Energy and Environment Committee in February 2021.[47]
The first phase of public involvement in reintroduction efforts was undertaken from July to August 2021, including a schedule of over 40 meetings and focus groups.[48]
See also
[edit]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c "2020 Abstract of Votes Cast" (PDF). Colorado Secretary of State. p. 146. Retrieved December 20, 2021.
- ^ Miles Blumhardt (January 10, 2021). "As Colorado prepares to reintroduce wolves, here's how another predator was brought back". The Coloradoan. Retrieved December 21, 2021.
- ^ "Wolf Recovery in North America" (PDF). United States Fish and Wildlife Service. January 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 20, 2022. Retrieved December 28, 2021.
- ^ "Colorado Wolves Informational Package" (PDF). Colorado State University. pp. 5–7. Retrieved December 23, 2021.
- ^ "Wolves". Colorado Parks and Wildlife. Retrieved December 23, 2021.
- ^ "Gray wolf pups spotted in Colorado for the first time since the 1940s". The Independent. Associated Press. June 9, 2021. Archived from the original on June 10, 2021. Retrieved December 23, 2021.
- ^ "Colorado Parks and Wildlife Commission Resolution 16-01 regarding introduction/re-introduction of wolves" (PDF). Colorado Parks and Wildlife. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 21, 2021. Retrieved December 23, 2021.
- ^ Arthur Carhart (2017). Gulliford, Andrew; Wolf, Tom (eds.). The Last Stand of the Pack: Critical Edition. University Press of Colorado. p. 226. ISBN 978-1607326939.
- ^ Marianne Goodland (January 10, 2019). "Supporters of returning gray wolves to Colorado turn in 211,000 signatures for ballot measure". Colorado Politics. Retrieved December 28, 2021.
- ^ Sam Brasch (January 6, 2020). "It's Official: Wolves Are Headed To Colorado's 2020 Ballot". Colorado Public Radio. Retrieved December 21, 2021.
- ^ "Wolf Management". Colorado Parks and Wildlife. Retrieved December 28, 2021.
- ^ a b Douglas Main (November 5, 2020). "Gray wolves to be reintroduced to Colorado in unprecedented vote". National Geographic. Archived from the original on February 27, 2021. Retrieved December 23, 2021.
- ^ Arthur Carhart (2017). Gulliford, Andrew; Wolf, Tom (eds.). The Last Stand of the Pack: Critical Edition. University Press of Colorado. p. 227. ISBN 978-1607326939.
- ^ Bruce Finley (November 5, 2020). "Voter approval of Colorado wolf reintroduction means "paws on the ground" by late 2023". The Denver Post. Retrieved December 28, 2021.
- ^ Sam Moccia (October 26, 2020). "Ballot feature: Proposition 114". Rocky Mountain Collegian. Archived from the original on December 21, 2021. Retrieved December 21, 2021.
- ^ a b Jason Blevins (September 24, 2020). "Proposition 114 explained: What's at stake with the effort to reintroduce gray wolves in Colorado". Colorado Sun. Retrieved December 21, 2021.
- ^ Christine Peterson (October 29, 2020). "Gray wolves taken off U.S. endangered species list in controversial move". National Geographic. Archived from the original on February 22, 2021. Retrieved December 23, 2021.
- ^ Amanda Paulson (May 23, 2019). "Call of the wild: Should Colorado bring back the wolf?". The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved December 23, 2021.
- ^ @Jackson4CO (October 20, 2020). "With 14 days left until Election Day, let's talk Proposition 114. Bringing back grey wolves will reset the order. This is #EnvironmentalJustice. Vote #YesOn114" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
- ^ Alicita Rodriguez (October 29, 2019). "Initiative 107 and the case for returning gray wolves to Colorado". UC Denver News. Retrieved December 21, 2021.
- ^ "Colorado Proposition 114 Endorsement: Yes on gray wolves reintroduction". Denver Post. September 11, 2020. Retrieved April 26, 2024.
- ^ "Vote Guide 2020". Boulder Weekly. October 8, 2020. Retrieved December 21, 2021.
- ^ "Election 2020 Indy Endorsement Cheat Sheet". Colorado Springs Independent. October 14, 2020. Archived from the original on November 3, 2020. Retrieved December 21, 2021.
- ^ "2020 ENDORSED CANDIDATES". Colorado Sierra Club. Archived from the original on December 2, 2020. Retrieved December 21, 2021.
- ^ "Colorado: Vote YES on Prop. 114 to Restore Endangered Gray Wolves". In Defense of Animals. Retrieved December 21, 2021.
- ^ @OP_Society (October 21, 2020). "As a keystone species, wolves play a crucial ecological role. They regulate populations of other species, helping maintain a balanced ecosystem which allows natural biodiversity to flourish. Help bring them home to Colorado. VOTE #YesOn114. #HowlYes Artwork: Creature Conserve" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
- ^ "Endorsements". Our Revolution. Retrieved December 21, 2021.
- ^ "Colorado Racial Justice Ballot Guide". Working Families Party. October 14, 2020. Retrieved December 21, 2021.
- ^ Craig A. Coolahan; Sandy Snider (1998). "Amendment 14-Colorado's Anti-Trapping Initiative, A History And Perspective on Impacts". Proceedings of the Eighteenth Vertebrate Pest Conference (38). University of Nebraska-Lincoln: 131. Retrieved December 23, 2021.
- ^ a b Miles Blumhardt (October 31, 2019). "Colorado wolf reintroduction stokes fears, passions of ranchers, ecologists, sportsmen". The Coloradoan. Retrieved December 23, 2021.
- ^ a b Jennifer Oldham (October 16, 2020). "Wolves are on the ballot in Colorado". The Washington Post. Retrieved December 28, 2021.
- ^ Bob Beauprez (August 30, 2020). "Beauprez: No on Proposition 114; the case against forced wolf introduction". Complete Colorado. Retrieved December 21, 2021.
- ^ Mark Hillman (October 15, 2020). "OPINION: Mark Hillman's overview of Colorado ballot questions for 2020". Fort Morgan Times. Retrieved December 21, 2021.
- ^ Joey Bunch (October 19, 2020). "Ted Nugent urges Coloradans to oppose wolf reintroduction". Colorado Politics. Retrieved December 20, 2021.
- ^ "ENDORSEMENTS: The Gazette's 2020 election picks". Colorado Springs Gazette. October 11, 2020. Retrieved December 20, 2021.
- ^ "EDITORIAL: Our endorsements on the 11 2020 state ballot initiatives". Fort Morgan Times. Retrieved December 21, 2021.
- ^ "EDITORIAL: Our endorsements on the 11 2020 state ballot initiatives". Journal-Advocate. October 12, 2020. Retrieved December 21, 2021.
- ^ "Our View: Vote 'no' on Proposition 114, the plan to reintroduce wolves to Colorado". Steamboat Pilot & Today. September 30, 2020. Retrieved December 21, 2021.
- ^ "EDITORIAL: Colorado's Prop 114 is a political sheep in wolves' clothing — vote no". Sentinel Colorado. September 24, 2020. Retrieved December 28, 2021.
- ^ "Hunting Management Decisions Left to Voters in the West". Congressional Sportsmen's Foundation. November 9, 2020. Archived from the original on December 21, 2021. Retrieved December 21, 2021.
- ^ "RMEF Commits $300,000 to Defeat Colorado's Proposition 114". Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation. September 25, 2020. Retrieved December 20, 2021.
- ^ @SafariClubIntl (November 3, 2020). "Vote NO on Prop 114. Forced wolf introduction will cost at least $6 million but the ballot includes no new funding to pay for wolves, forcing Coloradans to prioritize wolves instead of education, transportation, and existing conservation efforts. #VoteNO #Proposition114" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
- ^ "2020 Ballot Issues LWVCO Positions". League of Women Voters Colorado. Retrieved December 29, 2021.
- ^ "Proposition 114 (STATUTORY)". Colorado Election Results, 2020 General Election. Retrieved December 28, 2021.
- ^ "HB21-1037 Limit Designated Lands Gray Wolf Reintroduction". Colorado General Assembly. Retrieved December 20, 2021.
- ^ Faith Miller (February 27, 2021). "Gray wolf reintroduction wasn't popular with Western Slope voters. Some lawmakers want guardrails". Colorado Newsline. Retrieved December 20, 2021.
- ^ "Roll Call: CO HB1037 – 2021 – Regular Session". LegiScan. Retrieved December 20, 2021.
- ^ Keystone Policy Center (June 10, 2021). "Wolf Restoration & Management Plan Public Outreach & Advisory Group Facilitation" (PDF). Colorado Parks and Wildlife. Retrieved December 28, 2021.