1940 in film

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The year 1940 in film involved some significant events, including the premieres of the Walt Disney films Pinocchio and Fantasia.

Top-grossing films (U.S.)

The top ten 1940 released films by box office gross in North America are as follows:

Highest-grossing films of 1940
Rank	Title	Distributor	Domestic rentals
1	Boom Town	MGM	$3,664,000^[1]
2	The Great Dictator	United Artists	$3,500,000^[2]
3	Rebecca	United Artists/Selznick International	$3,000,000^[3]
4	North West Mounted Police	Paramount	$2,750,000^[4]
5	Strike Up the Band	MGM	$2,265,000^[1]
6	Northwest Passage		$2,169,000^[1]
7	Andy Hardy Meets Debutante		$1,945,000^[1]
8	The Fighting 69th	Warner Bros.	$1,822,000^[5]
9	Santa Fe Trail	Warner Bros.	$1,748,000^[5]
10	Kitty Foyle	RKO	$1,710,000^[6]^[7]

Events

February 7 – Walt Disney's second animated feature film Pinocchio premieres at the Center Theatre in New York City. Although not a box office success upon its initial release, the film receives critical acclaim and wins two Academy Awards, including one for Best Original Song for "When You Wish Upon a Star". Over the years, Pinocchio has gained a cult following and is now considered one of the greatest films of all time.
February 10 – Tom and Jerry make their debut in the animated cartoon Puss Gets the Boot.
April 12 – Alfred Hitchcock's first American film Rebecca is released, under the production of David O. Selznick. It would go on to win the Academy Award for Best Picture.
May – A reproduction of "America's First Movie Studio", Thomas Edison's Black Maria, is constructed.
July 27 – Bugs Bunny makes his official debut in the animated cartoon A Wild Hare.
October 15 – Charlie Chaplin's The Great Dictator, a satirical comedy starring him, premieres in New York City. It is a critical and commercial success and goes on to become Chaplin's most financially successful film.
November 13 – World premiere of Walt Disney's animated film Fantasia at the Broadway Theatre in New York City, the first film to be released in a multi-channel sound format (see Fantasound). The film also marks the first use of the click track while recording the soundtrack, overdubbing of orchestral parts, simultaneous multitrack recording and is cited as a key chapter in the conception and development of the multi-channel surround system. Like Pinocchio, the film is a box office failure for Disney, though it recoups its cost years later and becomes one of the most highly regarded of Disney's films.
November 25 – Woody Woodpecker makes his debut in the Andy Panda cartoon Knock Knock.
December 5 – Release of The Thief of Bagdad, pioneering the use of chroma key effects.
In the United Kingdom, the Crown Film Unit supersedes the GPO Film Unit in the production of documentary films.

Academy Awards

Best Picture: Rebecca – David O. Selznick, United Artists
Best Director: John Ford – The Grapes of Wrath
Best Actor: James Stewart – The Philadelphia Story
Best Actress: Ginger Rogers – Kitty Foyle
Best Supporting Actor: Walter Brennan – The Westerner
Best Supporting Actress: Jane Darwell – The Grapes of Wrath

1940 film releases

United States unless stated

January–March

January 20009
- 26 January
  - The Fighting 69th
February 1940
- 23 February
  - Pinocchio

April–June

April 1940
- 12 April
  - Rebecca
- 20 April
  - 'Til We Meet Again
May 1940
- 17 May
  - My Favorite Wife

July–September

August 1940
- 30 August
  - Boom Town
September 1940
- 20 September
  - The Mummy's Hand

October–December

October 1940
- 15 October
  - The Great Dictator
November 1940
- 6 November
  - North West Mounted Police
- 13 November
  - Fantasia
December 1940
- 13 December
  - Santa Fe Trail
- 27 December
  - Kitty Foyle

Notable films released in 1940

United States unless stated

F

Fantasia, directed by Samuel Armstrong, James Algar, Bill Roberts, Paul Satterfield, Ben Sharpsteen, David D. Hand, Hamilton Luske, Jim Handley, Ford Beebe, T. Hee, Norman Ferguson and Wilfred Jackson
The Fatal Hour, starring Boris Karloff
Flowing Gold, starring John Garfield and Frances Farmer
Foreign Correspondent, directed by Alfred Hitchcock, starring Joel McCrea
Four Sons, directed by Archie Mayo, starring Don Ameche
The Fox of Glenarvon, directed by Max W. Kimmich – (Germany)
French Without Tears, starring Ray Milland – (GB)

G

Gaslight, starring Anton Walbrook – (GB)
The Ghost Breakers, starring Bob Hope and Paulette Goddard
Girl in the News, starring Margaret Lockwood – (GB)
Give Us Wings, starring the Dead End Kids
Go West, starring the Marx Brothers
The Grapes of Wrath, directed by John Ford, starring Henry Fonda
The Great Dictator, directed by and starring Charlie Chaplin with Paulette Goddard and Jack Oakie
The Great McGinty, starring Brian Donlevy
Green Hell, starring Douglas Fairbanks, Jr. and Joan Bennett

H

Here Is the Point (Ahí está el detalle), starring Cantinflas – (Mexico)
His Girl Friday, directed by Howard Hawks, starring Cary Grant, Rosalind Russell, Ralph Bellamy
Hoots Mon!, directed by Roy William Neill, starring Max Miller and Florence Desmond (Britain)
The House Across the Bay, starring George Raft
The House of the Seven Gables, starring George Sanders
The Howards of Virginia, starring Cary Grant and Martha Scott
Hullabaloo, starring Frank Morgan

I

I Love You Again, starring William Powell and Myrna Loy
I Take This Woman, starring Spencer Tracy and Hedy Lamarr
The Invisible Man Returns, starring Cedric Hardwicke and Vincent Price
The Invisible Woman, starring Virginia Bruce and John Barrymore
It All Came True, starring Ann Sheridan, Jeffrey Lynn, Humphrey Bogart

J

June Nights (Juninatten), starring Ingrid Bergman – (Sweden)

K

King of the White Elephant (Prajao Changpeuk) – (Thailand)
Kitty Foyle, starring Ginger Rogers

L

Laddie, starring Tim Holt
Lady with Red Hair, starring Miriam Hopkins
The Letter, directed by William Wyler, starring Bette Davis
Lillian Russell, starring Alice Faye and Henry Fonda
Little Men, starring George Bancroft and Kay Francis
The Long Voyage Home, starring John Wayne

M

Maddalena, Zero for Conduct, directed by and starring Vittorio De Sica – (Italy)
The Man from Dakota, starring Wallace Beery
The Man Who Talked Too Much, starring George Brent
The Marines Fly High, starring Lucille Ball and Richard Dix
The Mark of Zorro, starring Tyrone Power and Linda Darnell
The Middle Watch, directed by Thomas Bentley, starring Jack Buchanan and Greta Gynt (Britain)
The Minister's Girlfriends (Přítelkyně pana ministra) – (Czechoslovakia)
Millionaires in Prison, starring Lee Tracy
The Mortal Storm, starring Margaret Sullavan and James Stewart
The Mummy's Hand, starring Dick Foran
My Favorite Wife, starring Irene Dunne and Cary Grant
My Little Chickadee, starring Mae West and W. C. Fields

N

New Moon, starring Jeanette MacDonald and Nelson Eddy
Night Train to Munich, directed by Carol Reed, starring Margaret Lockwood and Rex Harrison – (GB)
North West Mounted Police, starring Gary Cooper, Paulette Goddard, Madeleine Carroll
Northwest Passage, starring Spencer Tracy and Robert Young

O

One Million B.C. (aka The Cave Dwellers), starring Carole Landis
One Night in the Tropics, film debut of Abbott and Costello
Our Town, starring William Holden and Martha Scott

P

Pastor Hall, directed by Roy Boulting – (GB)
The Philadelphia Story, directed by George Cukor, starring Katharine Hepburn, Cary Grant, James Stewart
Pinocchio, directed by Ben Sharpsteen and Hamilton Luske, starring Dickie Jones
Pride and Prejudice, starring Greer Garson and Laurence Olivier
Primrose Path, starring Ginger Rogers and Joel McCrea
The Proud Valley, starring Paul Robeson – (GB)

Q

Queen Elizabeth, starring Katalin Karády, Klári Tolnay (Hungary)
Queen of the Yukon, starring Charles Bickford

R

Rebecca, directed by Alfred Hitchcock, starring Joan Fontaine and Laurence Olivier – Oscar for best picture
Remember the Night, starring Barbara Stanwyck and Fred MacMurray
Rhythm on the River, starring Bing Crosby and Mary Martin
Road to Singapore, starring Bing Crosby, Dorothy Lamour and Bob Hope – first in the series

S

Saps at Sea, starring Laurel and Hardy
The Sea Hawk, starring Errol Flynn
Seven Sinners, starring Marlene Dietrich and John Wayne
The Shop Around the Corner, directed by Ernst Lubitsch, starring Margaret Sullavan and James Stewart
The Siege of the Alcazar (L'Assedio dell'Alcazar) – (Italy)
Sky Murder, starring Walter Pidgeon
Son of Ingagi, directed by Richard Kahn
The Son of Monte Cristo, starring Louis Hayward and Joan Bennett
Spring Parade, starring Deanna Durbin
The Stars Look Down, directed by Carol Reed, starring Michael Redgrave and Margaret Lockwood – (GB)
The Stationmaster (Der postmeister) – (Germany)
Strange Cargo, starring Clark Gable and Joan Crawford
Stranger on the Third Floor, starring Peter Lorre
Strike Up the Band, directed by Busby Berkeley, starring Judy Garland and Mickey Rooney
South of Suez, starring George Brent
Swiss Family Robinson, starring Thomas Mitchell and Edna Best

T

They Drive by Night, starring George Raft, Humphrey Bogart, Ida Lupino
They Knew What They Wanted, directed by Garson Kanin, starring Charles Laughton and Carole Lombard
The Thief of Bagdad, starring Conrad Veidt and Sabu – (GB)
'Til We Meet Again, starring Merle Oberon and George Brent
Tom Brown's School Days, starring Cedric Hardwicke
Too Many Girls, starring Lucille Ball
Too Many Husbands, starring Jean Arthur, Fred MacMurray, Melvyn Douglas
Tørres Snørtevold – (Norway)
Torrid Zone, starring James Cagney, Ann Sheridan, Pat O'Brien
Turnabout, starring John Hubbard and Carole Landis

V

Vigil in the Night, starring Carole Lombard
Virginia City, starring Errol Flynn and Miriam Hopkins

W

Waterloo Bridge, starring Vivien Leigh and Robert Taylor
The Well-Digger's Daughter (La Fille du puisatier), directed by Marcel Pagnol, starring Raimu and Fernandel – (France)
The Westerner, starring Gary Cooper, Walter Brennan, Dana Andrews, Forrest Tucker
Where's That Fire?, starring Will Hay – (GB)
Wild Horse Range, starring Jack Randall
Women in War, starring Elsie Janis and Patric Knowles

Y

Young People, starring Shirley Temple
Young Tom Edison, starring Mickey Rooney
You're Not So Tough, starring the Dead End Kids

Serials

Adventures of Red Ryder, directed by William Witney and John English
Deadwood Dick, directed by James W. Horne
Drums of Fu Manchu, starring Henry Brandon and Robert Kellard, directed by William Witney and John English
Flash Gordon Conquers the Universe, starring Buster Crabbe
The Green Archer, starring Victor Jory, directed by James W. Horne
The Green Hornet, starring Warren Hull
Junior G-Men, starring the Dead End Kids
King of the Royal Mounted starring Allan Lane, directed by William Witney and John English
Mysterious Doctor Satan, starring Eduardo Ciannelli, directed by William Witney and John English
The Shadow, starring Victor Jory, directed by James W. Horne
Terry and the Pirates, starring William Tracy, directed by James W. Horne
Winners of the West, starring Dick Foran and Anne Nagel

Short film series

Animated short film series

Krazy Kat (1925–1940)
Mickey Mouse (1928–1953)
Looney Tunes (1930–1969)
Terrytoons (1930–1964)
Merrie Melodies (1931–1969)
Scrappy (1931–1941)
Popeye (1933–1957)
Color Rhapsodies (1934–1949)
Donald Duck (1937–1956)
Pluto (1937–1951)
Walter Lantz Cartunes (also known as New Universal Cartoons or Cartune Comedies) (1938–1942)
Goofy (1939–1955)
Andy Panda (1939–1949)
- Knock Knock! (first appearance of Woody Woodpecker)
Tom and Jerry (1940–1958)
- Puss Gets the Boot

Births

January 3 – Thelma Schoonmaker, American editor
January 10 – Walter Hill, American director, screenwriter and producer
January 20 – Krishnam Raju, Indian actor (died 2022)
January 22 – John Hurt, English actor (died 2017)^[8]
January 25 – Paolo Graziosi, Italian actor (died 2022)
January 27
- James Cromwell, American actor
- Reynaldo Rey, American actor, comedian and television personality (died 2015)
January 29 – Katharine Ross, American actress
January 31 – Stuart Margolin, American actor and director (died 2022)
February 2 - Sir David Jason, British actor
February 4
- George A. Romero, American director, producer and screenwriter (died 2017)^[9]
- John Schuck, American actor
February 5 – Dick Warlock, American actor and stuntman
February 11 - John Fink, American actor
February 12 – Ralph Bates, English actor (died 1991)
February 17
- Matija Barl, Slovenian actor, producer and translator (died 2018)
- Jo Kendall, British actress (died 2022)
February 19 – Carlin Glynn, American singer and actress (died 2023)
February 23 – Peter Fonda, American actor (died 2019)
February 27
- Howard Hesseman, American actor (died 2022)
- Bill Hunter, Australian actor (died 2011)
February 29 – Harvey Jason, English actor
March 3 – Patricia Gage, Scottish actress (died 2010)
March 7 – Daniel J. Travanti, American actor
March 9 – Raul Julia, Puerto Rican actor (died 1994)
March 10 – Chuck Norris, American actor and martial artist
March 11 – William Callaway, American retired voice actor
March 26 – James Caan, American actor (died 2022)
March 27 – Austin Pendleton, American actor, playwright, theatre director and instructor
April 1 – Aliza Gur, Israeli actress
April 3 – Wolf Kahler, German actor
April 6 – Pedro Armendáriz Jr., Mexican actor (died 2011)
April 14 – Julie Christie, British actress
April 15 – Julie Sommars, American actress
April 17 – Billy Fury, English singer and actor (died 1983)
April 20 – James Gammon, American actor (died 2010)
April 21 – George DiCenzo, American character actor (died 2010)
April 24 – Michael Parks, American actor and singer (died 2017)
April 25 – Al Pacino, American actor
April 29 – Max Cullen, Australian actor
April 30 – Burt Young, American actor (died 2023)
May 2 – Jo Ann Pflug, American actress
May 5 – Lance Henriksen, American actor
May 7 – John Irvin, English director
May 8 – Emilio Delgado, Mexican-American actor, voice artist and singer (died 2022)
May 15 – Lainie Kazan, American actress and singer
May 17
- Valie Export, Austrian director
- Peter Gerety, American actor
May 28 – Josie Lloyd, American actress and director (died 2020)
June 1 – René Auberjonois, American actor (died 2019)
June 2 – Maree Cheatham, American actress
June 7
- Tom Jones, Welsh singer and actor
- Ronald Pickup, English actor (died 2021)
June 8 – Nancy Sinatra, American singer and actress
June 20 – John Mahoney, English-born American actor (died 2018)
June 21 – Mariette Hartley, American actress
June 22 – Abbas Kiarostami, Iranian director (died 2016)
June 23 – Adam Faith, English actor and singer (died 2003)
June 26 – Luis Valdez, American playwright, screenwriter, director and actor
July 4 – Karolyn Grimes, American actress
July 7 – Ringo Starr, English drummer (The Beatles)
July 13 – Patrick Stewart, English actor
July 18 – James Brolin, American actor
July 22 – Alex Trebek, Canadian-American game show host and television personality (died 2020)
July 24 – Dan Hedaya, American actor
July 28 – Phil Proctor, American actor, voice actor and member of the Firesign Theatre
July 30 – Nicolau Breyner, Portuguese actor (died 2016)
August 3 – Martin Sheen, American actor
August 15
- Maria Grazia Buccella, Italian actress
- Ze'ev Revach, Israeli comedian, film actor, director
August 19
- Jill St. John, American actress
- Lou Wagner, American actor^{[citation needed]}
August 23 – Tony Bill, American actor, producer and director
August 25 – Wilhelm von Homburg, German boxer, actor and professional wrestler (died 2004)
August 26 – Don LaFontaine, American voice actor (died 2008)
August 27 – Sonny Sharrock, American jazz guitarist (died 1994)
August 31
- Larry Hankin, American character actor, performer, director, comedian and producer.
- Jack Thompson, Australian actor
September 2 – Harry Northup, American actor
September 3 – Pauline Collins, British actress
September 5 – Raquel Welch, American actress (died 2023)
September 7 – Dario Argento, Italian director, producer and screenwriter
September 11 – Brian De Palma, American director, producer and screenwriter
September 12 – Linda Gray, American actress, director and producer
September 18 – Frankie Avalon, American actor and singer
September 19
- Caroline John, English actress (died 2012)
- Paul Williams, American actor and singer
September 20 – Jonathan Hardy, New Zealand-Australian actor, writer and director (died 2012)
September 21 – Bill Kurtis, American producer and narrator
September 22 – Anna Karina, Danish-born French actress, director and singer (died 2019)
September 25 – Roberto Del Giudice, Italian voice actor (died 2007)
October 9 – John Lennon, English singer-songwriter and musician (The Beatles) (shot to death 1980)
October 14 – Cliff Richard, English singer and actor
October 16 – Barry Corbin, American actor
October 19 – Michael Gambon, Irish-English actor (died 2023)
October 25 – Jimmy Herman, Indigenous-Canadian actor (died 2013)
October 26 – Tilo Prückner, German actor (died 2020)
October 28 – Nic de Jager, South African actor
October 29 – Jack Shepherd, English actor
November 2 – Gigi Proietti, Italian actor (died 2020)
November 4 – Manuel Ojeda, Mexican actor (died 2022)
November 5 – Elke Sommer, German actress
November 7 – Dakin Matthews, American actor
November 13 – Rudolf Schwarzkogler, Austrian experimental filmmaker (died 1969)
November 14 – Bill Bolender, American character actor
November 15 – Sam Waterston, American actor
November 20 – Helma Sanders-Brahms, German director (died 2014)
November 22 – Terry Gilliam, American-born British screenwriter, director and animator (Monty Python's Flying Circus)
November 27 – Bruce Lee, Chinese-American martial artist and actor (died 1973)
December 1 – Richard Pryor, American comedian and actor (died 2005)
December 11 – Donna Mills, American actress
December 13
- Volli Käro, Estonian actor
- Carol Locatell, American actress (died 2023)
December 24
- Janet Carroll, American character actress (died 2012)
- Sharon Farrell, American actress
December 28 – Don Francisco, Chilean television host
December 31 – Tim Considine, American actor and writer (died 2022)

Deaths

January 4 – Flora Finch, 72, American actress, A Cure for Pokeritis, The Cat and the Canary, Quality Street, Her Crowning Glory
January 22 – E. Alyn Warren, 65, American actor, The Mysterious Mr. Wong, Get That Man, Revolt of the Zombies, Port of Seven Seas
February 20 – George Periolat, 66, American actor, The Mark of Zorro, One Rainy Afternoon, Morning Glory, What Price Hollywood?
March 5 – Maxine Elliott, 66, American actress, Fighting Odds
April 9 – Mrs. Patrick Campbell, 75, English actress, Riptide, One More River
April 11 – Hemmo Kallio, 77, Finnish actor, Anna Liisa
May 25 – Joe De Grasse, 67, Canadian-born American film director, Heart o' the Hills, The Scarlet Car, The Girl of the Night
May 28 - Walter Connolly, 53, American actor, It Happened One Night
July 1 – Ben Turpin, 70, American actor, Saps at Sea, Mr. Flip, A Clever Dummy
July 15 – Donald Calthrop, 52, English actor, Scrooge, Blackmail, Murder!, Major Barbara
September 25 – Marguerite Clark, 57, American actress, Scrambled Wives, Easy to Get, All of a Sudden Peggy, A Girl Named Mary
October 10 – Berton Churchill, 63, Canadian actor, Stagecoach, I Am a Fugitive from a Chain Gang, In Old Chicago, Heroes for Sale
October 12 – Tom Mix, 60, American actor, The Miracle Rider, Riders of the Purple Sage, Sky High
December 13 – Wilfred Lucas, 69, Canadian-born American actor, screenwriter, director, Modern Times, A Chump at Oxford, The Girl and Her Trust

Debuts

Dana Andrews – Lucky Cisco Kid
John Banner – Spring Parade
Anne Baxter – 20 Mule Team
Joe Besser – Hot Steel
Anthony Caruso – Johnny Apollo
Abbott and Costello – One Night in the Tropics
Hugh Griffith – Night Train to Munich
Van Johnson – Too Many Girls
Arthur Kennedy – City for Conquest
Deborah Kerr – Contraband
Karl Malden – They Knew What They Wanted
Terry Moore – Maryland
Milo O'Shea – Contraband
Rebel Randall – Turnabout
Donna Reed – Convicted Woman
Herbert Rudley – Abe Lincoln in Illinois
Robert Ryan – The Ghost Breakers
Phil Silvers – Hit Parade of 1941
Gale Storm – Tom Brown's School Days
Gene Tierney – The Return of Frank James
David Tomlinson – Garrison Follies
Forrest Tucker – The Westerner
James Westerfield – The Howards of Virginia
Gig Young – Misbehaving Husbands
Devi Dja – Road to Singapore

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d The Eddie Mannix Ledger, Los Angeles: Margaret Herrick Library, Center for Motion Picture Study.
^ Susan Sackett, The Hollywood Reporter Book of Box Office Hits Billboard Books, 1996 p 28
^ Chapman, James (2018). Hitchcock and the Spy Film. ISBN 978-1-78076-844-1. Although his most successful films of the war years were Selznick pictures – Rebecca (with a domestic box office gross of $3 million) and Spellbound ($4.9 million), with Rebecca also winning the Academy Award for Best Picture of 1940 – Hitchcock seems on the whole to have preferred his other assignments where he evidently enjoyed greater creative freedom.
^ "DeMille's Topper". Variety. 3 September 1941. p. 24.
^ ^a ^b Warner Bros financial information in The William Schaefer Ledger. See Appendix 1, Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television, (1995) 15:sup1, 1-31 p 20 DOI: 10.1080/01439689508604551
^ Jewell, Richard B. (1994). "RKO Film Grosses, 1929-1951: the C.J. Tevlin ledger". Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television. 14 (1): 37–49. doi:10.1080/01439689400260031.
^ Jewell, Richard B. (1994). "Appendix 1". Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television. 14 (S1): 1–11. doi:10.1080/01439689408604545.
^ Coveney, Michael (28 January 2017). "Sir John Hurt obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 29 January 2017.
^ Anderson, Tre'vell (July 16, 2017). "George A. Romero, 'Night of the Living Dead' creator, dies at 77". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 1, 2020.

External links

[Mannix-1] The Eddie Mannix Ledger, Los Angeles: Margaret Herrick Library, Center for Motion Picture Study.

[HollywoodBoxOfficeHitsBook-2] Susan Sackett, The Hollywood Reporter Book of Box Office Hits Billboard Books, 1996 p 28

[HitchcockBook-3] Chapman, James (2018). Hitchcock and the Spy Film. ISBN 978-1-78076-844-1. Although his most successful films of the war years were Selznick pictures – Rebecca (with a domestic box office gross of $3 million) and Spellbound ($4.9 million), with Rebecca also winning the Academy Award for Best Picture of 1940 – Hitchcock seems on the whole to have preferred his other assignments where he evidently enjoyed greater creative freedom.

[VarietySep41-4] "DeMille's Topper". Variety. 3 September 1941. p. 24.

[warners-5] Warner Bros financial information in The William Schaefer Ledger. See Appendix 1, Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television, (1995) 15:sup1, 1-31 p 20 DOI: 10.1080/01439689508604551

[tevlin-6] Jewell, Richard B. (1994). "RKO Film Grosses, 1929-1951: the C.J. Tevlin ledger". Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television. 14 (1): 37–49. doi:10.1080/01439689400260031.

[tevlina-7] Jewell, Richard B. (1994). "Appendix 1". Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television. 14 (S1): 1–11. doi:10.1080/01439689408604545.

[8] Coveney, Michael (28 January 2017). "Sir John Hurt obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 29 January 2017.

[9] Anderson, Tre'vell (July 16, 2017). "George A. Romero, 'Night of the Living Dead' creator, dies at 77". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 1, 2020.

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