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11th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)

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11th Infantry Division
German: 11. Infanterie-Division
Insignia of the 11th Infantry Division
Active1 October 1934 – 8 May 1945
Country Nazi Germany
BranchArmy
TypeInfantry
SizeDivision
Garrison/HQAllenstein
Nickname(s)Red moose head
EngagementsMława
Operation Barbarossa
Narva Bridgehead
Narva
Auvere
Tannenberg Line
Courland Pocket
Commanders
Notable
commanders
Günther von Niebelschütz
Max Bock
Herbert von Böckmann
Siegfried Thomaschki
Karl Burdach
Hellmuth Reymann
Gerhard Feyerabend
Insignia
Alternate shield

The 11th Infantry Division (German: 11. Infanterie-Division) was an infantry division of the Wehrmacht that was initially founded as a cover formation during the Reichswehr era. It was active from 1934 to 1945.

History

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The 11th Infantry Division was initially known by the cover name "Infantry Leader I" (German: Infanterieführer I), a military formation founded in Allenstein in October 1934.[1]: 198f.  Several of the Wehrmacht infantry formation were disguised variously as "infantry leader" or "artillery leader" during the time of the Reichswehr, when military restrictions imposed limitations of size on Germany's military.[2]: 229f.  The Reichswehr-era 2nd Infantry Regiment, also previously headquartered at Allenstein, was used to form the personnel of the subsequent 2nd and 23rd regiments of the 11th Division.[2]: 237  The formation was officially redesignated "11th Infantry Division" on 15 October 1935.[1]: 198f. 

On 18 August 1939, the division was mobilized and equipped with three infantry regiments and an artillery regiment. The infantry regiments were Infantry Regiment 2 (Allenstein), Infantry Regiment 23 (Rastenburg) and Infantry Regiment 44 (Bartenstein); the artillery regiment was Artillery Regiment 11 (Allenstein). Additionally, the division contained the "Division Units 11" for support.[1]: 198f.  The 11th Infantry Division participated in the Invasion of Poland as part of the I Army Corps under 3rd Army. The I Army Corps, next to 11th Infantry Division, also featured the 61st Infantry Division and Panzer Division Kempf.[3]: 360–363  In the early morning hours of 1 September 1939, the left flank of I Corps swung in a two-pronged assault towards the Polish stronghold at Mława, bringing about the Battle of Mława.[4]: 113 

After a minor role in the Battle of France, the 11th Infantry Division was initially transferred to the Atlantic Wall until March 1941. It then returned to East Prussia in preparation of Operation Barbarossa,[5] in which it participated as part of I Corps (along with 1st and 21st Divisions) under the 18th Army of Army Group North.[6]: 26 

In January 1940, the Field Replacement Battalion 11 was detached and converted into the II./364 battalion of 161st Infantry Division in January 1940. In the following month, the II./44 battalion was also detached from the 11th Infantry Division and transferred to 291st Infantry Division as I./506; II./44 was subsequently replenished. In October 1940, a third of the division (including the staff of Regiment 2 and III./3, III./23 and III./44 battalions) was passed off to the newly-formed 126th Infantry Division and were subsequently replenished.[1]: 198f. 

In summer 1942, III./23 battalion was dissolved.[1]: 198f. 

On 2 October 1943, the division was ordered to be restructured into a "Division neuer Art"-type division. III./2 and II./44 battalions were dissolved in January and September 1944, respectively. This left the division with three infantry regiments (now called "Grenadier Regiments") with the same numbers as before, but with two rather than three battalions. Additionally, the division's reconnaissance battalion had been formed into the Division Fusilier Battalion 11.[1]: 198f. 

In 1945, the division was taken prisoner by the Red Army in the Courland Pocket.[1]: 198f. 

Commanders

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Subordination and deployment

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Superior formations of 11th Infantry Division[1]: 198f. 
Year Month Army Corps Army Army group Location
1939 Sep. I 3rd Army Army Group North East Prussia, Poland
Dec. Army group reserves Army Group B Lower Rhine
1940 Jan./May Army reserves 6th Army Lower Rhine, Belgium, Lille
Jun. I 4th Army Somme, Loire
Jul./Aug. 7th Army Atlantic coast
Sep./Oct. Army reserves
Nov./Dec. XXXI Army Group D
1941 Jan./Feb.
Mar. Army reserves 18th Army Army Group B East Prussia
Apr. I
May Army Group C
Jun./Aug. Army Group North East Prussia–Volkhov
Sep./Nov. 16th Army Wolchow–Ladoga
Dec. 18th Army
1942 Jan./Apr.
May./Dec. XXVIII
1943 Jan.
Feb./Sep. XXVI
Oct./Dec. LIV Leningrad
1944 Jan.
Feb. L Pskov
Mar./May XXVI Narva Narva
Jun. XXXXIII
Jul./Sep. III. SS Narva, Pernau, Riga
Oct./Nov. I 18th Army Courland Pocket
Dec. X
1945 Jan. I
Feb. II Army Group Courland
Mar./Apr. L

Insignia

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The 11th Infantry Division used two divisional emblems: one showed a red-and-white head of an elk atop a diagonally-divided red-and-white shield, the other showed a solid blue spot within a white square.[7]: 10 

Sources

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Tessin, Georg (1967). Die Landstreitkräfte 006–014. Verbände und Truppen der deutschen Wehrmacht und Waffen-SS im Zweiten Weltkrieg 1939–1945 (in German). Vol. 3. Frankfurt/Main: Verlag E. S. Mittler & Sohn GmbH.
  2. ^ a b Tessin, Georg (1974). Deutsche Verbände und Truppen 1918–1939. Osnabrück: Biblio. ISBN 9783764810009.
  3. ^ Forczyk, Robert (2019). Case White: The Invasion of Poland 1939. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 9781472834935.
  4. ^ Zaloga, Steven J.; Madej, Victor (1985). The Polish Campaign 1939. Hippocrene Books. ISBN 9780882549941.
  5. ^ Mitcham, Samuel W. (2007). "11th Infantry Division". 1st–290th Infantry Divisions in WWII. German Order of Battle. Vol. 1. Stackpole Books. ISBN 9780811746540.
  6. ^ Kirchubel, Robert (2005). Operation Barbarossa 1941 (2): Army Group North. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 9781841768571.
  7. ^ Hartmann, Theodor (1970). Wehrmacht Divisional Signs, 1938–1945. Almark Publications. ISBN 0855240067.

Literature

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  • Müller-Hillebrand, Burkhard (1969). Der Zweifrontenkrieg. Das Heer vom Beginn des Feldzuges gegen die Sowjetunion bis zum Kriegsende. Das Heer 1933–1945. Entwicklung des organisatorischen Aufbaues. Vol. 3. Frankfurt/Main: Mittler.
  • Tessin, Georg (1967). Die Landstreitkräfte 006–014. Verbände und Truppen der deutschen Wehrmacht und Waffen-SS im Zweiten Weltkrieg 1939–1945. Vol. 3. Frankfurt/Main: Verlag E. S. Mittler & Sohn GmbH. ISBN 3764809426.