10th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party

10th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party
10th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party
Traditional Chinese	中國共產黨第十次全國代表大會
Simplified Chinese	中国共产党第十次全国代表大会
Hanyu Pinyin
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin	Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng Dìshícì Quánguó Dàibiǎo Dàhuì
Abbreviated name
Chinese	十大
Hanyu Pinyin
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin	Shí-dà

10th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party
Date	24–28 August 1973 (4 days)
Location	Great Hall of the People, Beijing, China
Participants	1,249 delegates
Outcome	The election of the 10th Central Committee

The 10th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party was held in the Great Hall of the People, Beijing, between August 24 and 28, 1973. 1,249 delegates represented the party's estimated 28 million members. It was preceded by the 9th National Congress and was succeeded by the 11th National Congress.^[1]

The Congress was a significant moment, held following the fall of Lin Biao and the amidst continuation of the Cultural Revolution. It elected the 10th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.

Details of the Congress

On 20 August 1973, prior to the start of the congress, the Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party adopted a resolution to suspend the party memberships of Lin Biao, Ye Qun, Huang Yongsheng, Wu Faxian, Li Zuopeng and Qiu Huizuo indefinitely.

The congress was opened on 24 August, with Mao Zedong presiding over its opening session, Zhou Enlai delivering the political report and Wang Hongwen reporting regarding the revision of the Constitution. Mao and Zhou suggested the political rehabilitation of 13 old guard members such as Tan Zhenlin and Li Jingquan.^{[citation needed]}

The 10th Congress affirmed the revised Constitution of the Chinese Communist Party that was also adopted by the 9th national congress. It stipulated some adjustments in the structure but the provisions of the section is not much changed, such as the guiding ideology and the basic principles of the party. In the edited bill, only discussions and doctrines proposed or related to Lin Biao were removed.

The 10th congress elected 195 Central Committee members and 124 alternate members, with the Gang of Four taking key roles within the central committee and the rehabilitation of politicians persecuted during the Cultural Revolution, which included Li Zuopeng, Deng Xiaoping, Wang Jiaxiang and others.^[2]

Significance of the Congress

New power structure

The fall of Lin Biao and his cohorts in 1971 left many vacant posts in the party and the government. Of the 21-man Politburo only 10 were left and of its five-man Standing Committee, only three – Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and Kang Sheng – were still present.^[3] Therefore, the 10th congress convened to elect new members to those made vacant and to condemn the actions of Lin Biao as a right opportunist who "waved the red flag to defeat the red flag".^[3]

During the congress, the Gang of Four managed to secure positions with the support from Mao. Jiang Qing and Yao Wenyuan were elected to the Poliburo, Zhang Chunqiao to the Standing Committee and Wang Hongwen as the party's second vice-chairman.^[3]

Continuation of the Cultural Revolution

Wang Hongwen in his debut keynote address during the congress announced the smashing of the "two bourgeois headquarters, the one headed by Liu Shaoqi and the other by Lin Biao".^[4] Wang stressed the revolutionary spirit of daring to go against the tide and the importance of training young leaders. With the future of the country in the hands of the young, struggle and continuоus revolution would punctuate Chinese political life.^[3]

References

^ "党史百科--党史频道--人民网". dangshi.people.com.cn. Retrieved 2016-11-04.
^ "中国共产党第十次全国代表大会新闻公报". Archives of the CCP's National Congress. Communist Party of China. Retrieved 4 November 2016.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Hsu, Immanuel (2000). The Rise of Modern China (Sixth ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 715–717. ISBN 978-0-19-512504-7.
^ Michael, Schoenhals (2015). China's Cultural Revolution, 1966-69: Not a Dinner Party. New York: Routledge. p. 297. ISBN 978-1-56324-736-1.

[1] "党史百科--党史频道--人民网". dangshi.people.com.cn. Retrieved 2016-11-04.

[2] "中国共产党第十次全国代表大会新闻公报". Archives of the CCP's National Congress. Communist Party of China. Retrieved 4 November 2016.

[:0-3] Hsu, Immanuel (2000). The Rise of Modern China (Sixth ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 715–717. ISBN 978-0-19-512504-7.

[4] Michael, Schoenhals (2015). China's Cultural Revolution, 1966-69: Not a Dinner Party. New York: Routledge. p. 297. ISBN 978-1-56324-736-1.

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v t e Cultural Revolution
Prelude	Anti-Rightist Campaign Great Chinese Famine Great Leap Forward Lushan Conference Seven Thousand Cadres Conference Socialist Education Movement Taoyuan Experience
Major events	Down to the Countryside Movement Cleansing the Class Ranks 12-3 incident January Storm February Countercurrent Wuhan incident 9th Party Congress One Strike-Three Anti Campaign Project 571 Lin Biao incident 10th Party Congress Black Painting incident Criticize Lin, Criticize Confucius Hangzhou incident 1975 Banqiao Dam failure Counterattack the Right-Deviationist Reversal-of-Verdicts Trend 1976 Nanjing incident 1976 Tiananmen Incident
Massacres	Red August Daxing Massacre Guangxi Massacre Inner Mongolia incident Guangdong Massacre Hunan Massacres Daoxian massacre Shaoyang County Massacre Yunnan Massacres Zhao Jianmin spy case Shadian incident Ruijin Massacre
Key figures	Mao Zedong Liu Shaoqi Zhou Enlai Lin Biao Deng Xiaoping Gang of Four (Jiang Qing Zhang Chunqiao Yao Wenyuan Wang Hongwen) Peng Dehuai Wu Han Peng Zhen Tao Zhu Chen Boda Wang Dongxing Xie Fuzhi Ji Dengkui Wang Li Qi Benyu Wu Faxian Qiu Huizuo Yang Chengwu Chen Zaidao Kang Sheng Mao Yuanxin Hua Guofeng Ye Jianying
Documents	Bombard the Headquarters Quotations from Chairman Mao Hai Rui Dismissed from Office May 16 Notification Six Articles of Public Security Sweep Away All Cow Demons and Snake Spirits On Class Origins
Concepts	Four Olds Newborn socialist things Struggle session Feudal fascism Big-character poster Cow demons and snake spirits Bloodline theory Continuous Revolution Theory Seizure of power Violent Struggle One Divides into Two Democracy Wall Eight model plays Loyalty dance Capitalist roader Yiku sitian Learn from Daqing in industry Learn from Dazhai in agriculture Stinking Old Ninth Five Black Categories Five Red Categories
Groups	Red Guards Conservative Faction Little Red Guards Rebel Faction Scarlet Guards Ultra-Left Faction Xiaoyao Faction May Sixteenth elements Five Man Group Cultural Revolution Group Central Case Examination Group Central Organization and Propaganda Leading Group Hunan Provincial Proletarian Revolutionary Great Alliance Committee Revolutionary committee in Heilongjiang in Shanghai 8341 Special Regiment Sent-down youth 61 Renegades Barefoot doctor Worker-Peasant-Soldier student May Seventh Cadre School Xiang River Storm and Thunder
Related topics	Maoism Mao Zedong's cult of personality Mango cult List of campaigns of the Chinese Communist Party Class struggle Sino-Soviet split Two Whatevers Morning Sun (film) 3rd Plenum of the 11th Central Committee Boluan Fanzheng New Enlightenment Scar literature
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