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1.25-meter band

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The 1.25-meter, 220 MHz or 222 MHz band is a portion of the VHF radio spectrum internationally allocated for amateur radio use on a primary basis in ITU Region 2, and it comprises frequencies from 220 MHz to 225 MHz.[1] In the United States and Canada, the band is available on a primary basis from 222 to 225 MHz, with the addition of 219 to 220 MHz on a limited, secondary basis.[1][2][3] It is not available for use in ITU Region 1 (except in Somalia[4]) or ITU Region 3.[1] The license privileges of amateur radio operators include the use of frequencies within this band, which is primarily used for local communications.

History

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The 1.25-meter band has a very long and colorful history, dating back to before World War II.

Pre-Cairo Conference

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Some experimental amateur use in the U.S. was known to occur on the "1+1⁄4-meter band" as early as 1933, with reliable communications achieved in fall of 1934.[5]

The Cairo Conference

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In 1938, the FCC gave U.S. amateurs privileges in two VHF bands: 2.5 meters (112 MHz) and 1.25 meters (224 MHz).[6] Both bands (as well as 70 centimeters) were natural harmonics of the 5-meter band. Amateur privileges in the 2.5-meter band were later moved to 144–148 MHz (becoming the modern-day 2-meter band), and the old frequencies were reassigned to aircraft communication during World War II. At that time, the 1.25-meter band expanded to a 5 MHz bandwidth, spanning 220–225 MHz.

The VHF/UHF explosion

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Amateur use of VHF and UHF allocations exploded in the late 1960s and early 1970s as repeaters started going on the air. Repeater use sparked a huge interest in the 2-meter and 70-centimeter (420–450 MHz) bands; however, this interest never fully found its way into the 1.25-meter band. Many amateurs attribute this to the abundance of commercial radio equipment designed for 136–174 MHz and 450–512 MHz that amateurs could easily modify for use on the 2-meter and 70-centimeter bands. There were no commercial frequency allocations near the 1.25-meter band, and little commercial radio equipment was available. This meant that amateurs who wanted to experiment with the 1.25-meter band had to build their own equipment or purchase one of the few radios available from specialized amateur radio equipment manufacturers. Many of the repeaters which have been constructed for 1.25-meter operation have been based on converted land-mobile base station hardware,[7] often extensively modifying equipment originally designed for other VHF bands.[8]

U.S. Novice licensees get privileges

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By the 1980s, amateur use of 2-meter and 70-centimeter bands was at an all-time high while activity on 1.25 meters remained stagnant.[citation needed] In an attempt to increase use on the band, many amateurs called for holders of Novice-class licenses (the entry-level class at that time) to be given voice privileges on the band. In 1987, the FCC modified the Novice license to allow voice privileges on portions of the 1.25-meter and 23-centimeter (1.24–1.30 GHz) bands. In response, some of the bigger amateur radio equipment manufacturers started producing equipment for 1.25 meters. However, it never sold well, and by the early 1990s, most manufacturers had stopped producing equipment for the band.[citation needed]

U.S. reallocation

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In 1973, the FCC considered Docket Number 19759, which was a proposal to establish a Class E Citizen's band service at 224 MHz. The proposal was opposed by the ARRL and after the explosive growth of 27 MHz Citizen's Band usage, the FCC dropped consideration of the docket in 1977.[9]

In the late 1980s, United Parcel Service (UPS) began lobbying the FCC to reallocate part of the 1.25-meter band to the Land Mobile Service. UPS had publicized plans to use the band to develop a narrow-bandwidth wireless voice and data network using a mode called ACSSB (amplitude-companded single sideband). UPS's main argument for the reallocation was that amateur use of the band was very sparse and that the public interest would be better served by reallocating part of the band to a service that would put it to good use.[10]

In 1988, over the objections of the amateur radio community, the FCC adopted the 220 MHz Allocation Order, which reallocated 220–222 MHz to private and federal government land-mobile use while leaving 222–225 MHz exclusively for amateur use.[citation needed] The reallocation proceeding took so long, however, that UPS eventually pursued other means of meeting its communications needs. UPS entered into agreements with GTE, McCall, Southwestern Bell, and Pac-Tel to use cellular telephone frequencies to build a wireless data network.[citation needed] With the 220–222 MHz band then left unused, the FCC issued parts of the band to other private commercial interests via a lottery in hopes that it would spark development of super-narrowband technologies, which would help them gain acceptance in the marketplace.[citation needed] In the 1990s and into the 2000s paging companies made use of the 1.25-meter band. Most all such use ended by the mid-2000s, with the paging companies being purchased by others and services moved to newer systems, or having gone out of business.[citation needed]

Canadian reallocation

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Until January 2006,[11] Canadian amateur radio operators were allowed to operate within the entire 220–225 MHz band. Canadian operations within 120 km of the United States border were required to observe a number of restrictions on antenna height and power levels to coordinate use with non-amateur services in the United States.[12]

In 2005, Industry Canada decided to reallocate 220–222 MHz to land mobile users, similar to the US, but unlike in the US, a provision was included to allow the amateur service, in exceptional circumstances, to use the band in disaster relief efforts on a secondary basis. In addition, the band 219–220 MHz was allocated to the amateur service on a secondary basis. Both of these reallocations went into effect January 2006.[3][11]

Band use

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Canadian band plan

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Band plan
License class 219–220 220–222 222.00–222.05 222.05–222.10 222.10–222.275 222.275–222.3 222.31–223.37 223.39–223.49 223.49–223.59 223.59–223.89 223.91–225
Basic(+), Advanced
Key for the band plan
= Available on a secondary basis to other users.[3][11]
= Available only to assist with disaster relief efforts.[3][11]
= Reserved for EME (Moon bounce)
= Continuous wave (CW), 222.1 calling freq.
= SSB, 222.2 calling freq.
= Propagation beacons
= FM repeaters (input −1.6 MHz)
= High-speed data
= FM simplex

Scope of operation in North America

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Wouxun KG-UVD1P dual-watch handheld for 2 m and 220 MHz.

Today, the 1.25-meter band is used by many amateurs who have an interest in the VHF spectrum.

There are pockets of widespread use across the United States, mainly in New England and western states such as California and Arizona with more sporadic activity elsewhere. The number of repeaters on the 1.25-meter band has grown over the years to approximately 1,500 nationwide as of 2004.[13]

The attention that band received in the late 1980s and early 1990s due to the reallocation of its bottom 2 MHz sparked renewed amateur interest. Many amateurs feared that lack of 1.25-meter activity would lead to reallocation of the remaining 3 MHz to other services.[14] Today, new handheld and mobile equipment is being produced by amateur radio manufacturers, and it is estimated that more amateurs have 1.25-meter equipment now than at any point in the past.[15]

Auxiliary stations

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An auxiliary station, most often used for repeater control or link purposes or to remotely control another station, is limited in the United States to operation on frequencies above 144.5 MHz[16] excluding 144.0–144.5 MHz, 145.8–146.0 MHz, 219–220 MHz, 222.00–222.15 MHz, 431–433 MHz, and 435–438 MHz. Operation of such control links in the crowded 2-meter band is problematic[17] and on many frequencies in that band expressly prohibited, leaving 1.25-meter band frequencies as the lowest available for remote control of repeaters and unattended stations.[18]

List of transceivers

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Main article: List of amateur radio transceivers
Standard Communications c228a dual-band handheld for 2 m and 220 MHz.

Since the band is allocated mostly in ITU Region 2 (Somalia, in Region 1, being the only exception thus far), the major equipment manufacturers (Kenwood, Yaesu, and Icom) do not often offer transceiver models that cover the frequency range. (see § US Novice licensees get privileges). This exacerbates the lack of usage of the 1.25-meter band, though manufacturers argue that what equipment they have produced has not sold well compared to other products.[citation needed]

In late seventies Yaesu introduced the FT-127 single band 220 MHz base station, and the FT-109RH portable radio. In 1987 they introduced the FT-33, single band 220 MHz version of the popular FT-23 portable radio.[citation needed]

In recent years, Kenwood and Yaesu have both included the 1.25-meter band in some of their multiband handheld transceivers. The Kenwood TH-F6A and TH-D74A; the Yaesu VX-6R, VX-7R and VX-8R (United States and Canada version) include coverage of the 1.25-meter band in addition to the more popular 2-meter and 70-centimeter bands. Wouxun now has the KG-UVD1P in a 2-meter / 1.25-meter model, legal for use in the United States. In the 1980s, ICOM offered the IC-37A—a 220 MHz, 25-watt FM transceiver that can still be obtained as used equipment from various sources such as eBay and private collectors. In 2013, the BaoFeng UV-82X, an inexpensive 2-meter / 1.25-meter handheld, became available.[citation needed] During 2021, Baofeng then introduced its latest, and cheapest, UV-5r III handheld transceiver, which now includes the 1.25 meter band as standard.

Several 1.25-meter base/mobile transceivers are available. Among these are the Alinco DR-235T,[19] the Jetstream JT220M,[20] BTech UV-2501-220, BTech UV-25X4 quadband, and the TYT TH-9000 monoband radio, which comes in a 1.25-meter model.[citation needed]

The Chinese company Wouxun offers a 2 m and 1.25 m dual-band HT, the KG-UVD1P.[21] These have received FCC approval in the United States; but are awaiting approval by Industry Canada.[citation needed]

Elecraft offers an all-mode (CW, FM, SSB) transverter for the band[22] compatible with its K2 and K3 transceivers.

Countries with known allocations

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ITU Region 1

ITU Region 2

References

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  1. ^ a b c d "FCC online table of frequency allocations" (PDF). 47 C.F.R. Federal Communications Commission. 2 June 2011. Retrieved 2 September 2011.
  2. ^ a b "US amateur radio frequency allocations". The American Radio Relay League. 1.25 meters. Retrieved 2 September 2011.
  3. ^ a b c d e "Canadian table of frequency allocations" (PDF). Industry Canada. February 2007. pp. 24, 99. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 October 2012. Retrieved 2 September 2011. C 11: In the band 219–220 MHz, the amateur service is permitted on a secondary basis. In the band 220–222 MHz, the amateur service may be permitted in exceptional circumstances on a secondary basis to assist in disaster relief efforts.
  4. ^ a b "Regarding authorised amateur radio frequency bands and transmitter power output in Somalia" (PDF). 22 June 2004. Ministry of Information, Telecommunication and Culture Garowe, Puntland, Somalia. p. 2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 September 2008. Retrieved 26 March 2013.
  5. ^ DeSoto, Clinton B. (2001). 200 Meters and Down: The story of amateur radio. Newington, CT: The Amateur Radio Relay League. p. 129.
  6. ^ de Wolf, Francis Colt (July 1938). "The Cairo telecommunication conferences". The American Journal of International Law. 32 (3): 562–568. doi:10.1017/S0002930000113867. S2CID 246009766.
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  9. ^ "JPL amateur radio club newsletter". November 1977. Archived from the original on 19 August 2011. Retrieved 9 February 2010.
  10. ^ Ellis, Todd (6 March 2002). "Why 220MHz?". MRT Magazine. 220MHz: An MRT Special Report. Archived from the original on 18 December 2005. Retrieved 26 March 2013.
  11. ^ a b c d e "Spectrum Allocation and Utilization Policy Regarding the Use of Certain Frequency Bands Below 1.7 GHz for a Range of Radio Applications" (PDF). Industry Canada. June 2009. Retrieved 2 September 2011. In the public consultation, the Department proposed provisional changes to the Canadian Table of Frequency Allocations in the bands 216–220 MHz and 220–225 MHz. As a result, the following allocation decisions for both bands and the spectrum utilization policy for 220–225 MHz were implemented in January 2006:
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