Polly (Nirvana song)
| "Polly" | |
|---|---|
| Song by Nirvana | |
| from the album Nevermind | |
| Released | September 24, 1991 |
| Recorded | April 1990 |
| Studio | Smart Studios (Madison, Wisconsin) |
| Genre | |
| Length | 2:57 |
| Label | DGC |
| Songwriter(s) | Kurt Cobain |
| Producer(s) | |
| Nevermind track listing | |
13 tracks
| |
| "Polly" | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
 Promo CD for the MTV Unplugged in New York album | ||||
| Promotional single by Nirvana | ||||
| from the album MTV Unplugged in New York | ||||
| Released | 1994 | |||
| Recorded | November 18, 1993 at Sony Music Studios in New York City | |||
| Length | 3:16 | |||
| Label | DGC Records | |||
| Songwriter(s) | Kurt Cobain | |||
| Producer(s) | Alex Coletti, Scott Litt, Nirvana | |||
| Nirvana singles chronology | ||||
| ||||
| MTV Unplugged in New York track listing | ||||
13 tracks | ||||
"Polly" is a song by the American rock band Nirvana, written by vocalist and guitarist Kurt Cobain. It is the sixth song on their second album Nevermind, released by DGC Records in September 1991.
The song was written about the abduction, rape, and torture of a 14-year-old girl returning home from a punk rock concert in Tacoma, Washington in 1987[2][3]. The crime was committed by Gerald Friend.[4] Written from the perspective of the perpetrator, "Polly" has retrospectively been cited as evidence of Cobain's support of feminism and women's rights, although there is no evidence of Cobain openly declaring he was making a feminist statement with the lyrics. [5][6][7]
Early history
[edit]Originally titled "Cracker",[8] "Polly" dates back to at least 1987. The earliest known version is a home demo featuring Cobain on vocals and guitar. This version was released on the Nirvana rarities box set, With the Lights Out, in November 2004.
The song was first performed live on June 21, 1989, at The Vogue in Seattle, Washington.[9] It was first recorded in the studio in August 1989 by Steve Fisk at Music Source in Seattle, Washington. The sessions were for a planned EP to coincide with the band's European tour, but only two of the five songs recorded, "Stain" and "Been a Son," were officially released, on the Blew EP later that year.[10] Unreleased during the band's lifetime, this version of "Polly" also appeared on With the Lights Out.
On October 26, 1989, the band recorded a version during their first BBC Peel Session, at Maida Vale Studios in London, England. The four-song session, engineered by Ted de Bono, was originally broadcast on November 22, 1989.[10]
Nevermind
[edit]"Polly" was re-recorded by Butch Vig at Smart Studios in Madison, Wisconsin in April 1990. This acoustic version, featuring Chad Channing on drums, later appeared on the band's major label debut, Nevermind, released in September 1991. It was the only recording from Vig's original session with the band to appear on the album, the rest of which was recorded by Vig in May 1991 at Sound City Studios in Van Nuys, California.[11]
The recording featured Cobain playing a five-string Stella guitar that he said he purchased from a pawn shop for $20. "I didn't bother changing the strings," Cobain told Jeff Gilbert in a 1992 Guitar World interview. "It barely stays in tune. In fact, I had to use duct tape to hold the tuning keys in place."[12] According to Vig, the guitar's "strings were so old they didn't have any tone to them. A real plunky sound."[13] Cobain's guitar and Krist Novoselic's bass were recorded live, after which Cobain recorded lead and harmony vocals, and then Channing added the cymbal crashes.
According to Vig in the 2005 Classic Albums: Nirvana - Nevermind documentary, Cobain accidentally sang the first two words of the third verse, "Polly said," too early, during the instrumental break, but the band decided to leave it in.[13] However, earlier versions of the song also feature this line, including the original home demo, the 1989 Peel version, and most pre-Nevermind live versions.
Post-Nevermind
[edit]The band recorded another version of the song for the BBC on November 9, 1991, at Maida Vale in London during their appearance on Radio 1's Mark Goodier Radio Session. The session, their last for the BBC, was first broadcast on November 18, 1991,[14] and three of the four songs from the session, including "Polly", appeared on the band's compilation album Incesticide in December 1992. This faster version of the song appeared under the title "(New Wave) Polly."[15]
In December 1992, a live version of the song, recorded at Del Mar Fairgrounds in Del Mar, California on December 28, 1991, was released as a b-side on the fourth single for Nevermind, for the song, "In Bloom".
An acoustic version of "Polly", featuring Pat Smear on second guitar and Lori Goldston on cello, was performed during Nirvana's MTV Unplugged appearance at Sony Music Studios in New York City on November 18, 1993.
The last live performance of "Polly" was at Nirvana's final concert, at Terminal 1 in Munich, Germany, on March 1, 1994.
Composition and lyrics
[edit]
Music
[edit]"Polly" is an alternative rock / grunge song that lasts for two minutes and 57 seconds.[17] According to the sheet music published at Musicnotes.com by BMG Rights Management, it is written in common time, with a moderate tempo of 122 beats per minute.[17] "Polly" is composed in the key of E minor, while Cobain's vocal range spans one octave and one note, from a low of D3 to a high of E4.[17] The song has a basic sequence of Em–G5–D–C5 in the verses and D–C5–G–B♭5 during the refrain as its chord progression.[17] The song starts with Cobain playing a soft acoustic guitar riff and singing the vocals until the first chorus when bass enters, a cymbal crash is played, and Cobain adds a vocal harmony. This is done for all verses and choruses. After the second chorus, the guitar stops playing and a bass break starts. The song ends with a final cymbal crash after the third chorus.
Lyrics
[edit]Cobain wrote "Polly" about an incident in Tacoma, Washington involving the abduction and rape of a 14-year-old girl in August 1987.[2] Gerald Arthur Friend kidnapped the girl while she was leaving a rock concert and then suspended her upside down from a pulley in his mobile home and raped and tortured her with a blowtorch.[18][19] She managed to escape by jumping from his truck at a gas station, attracting attention from surrounding people. Friend was later arrested and convicted for his crimes.[20][18][19] Cobain's addition to the story was to have the victim fool the kidnapper into thinking she was enjoying what he was doing to her, causing him to let his guard down long enough for her to escape.
In his Nirvana biography Come as You Are, journalist Michael Azerrad noted that rape seemed to be a consistent theme in Cobain's songs and interviews, as if Cobain was "apologizing for his entire gender." However, Cobain explained, "I don't feel bad about being a man at all. There are all kinds of men that are on the side of the woman and support them and help influence other men. In fact, a man using himself as an example toward other men can probably make more impact than a woman can".[2] In the liner notes to the band's 1992 compilation album Incesticide, Cobain wrote that "last year, a girl was raped by two wastes of sperm and eggs while they sang the lyrics to our song 'Polly'. I have a hard time carrying on knowing there are plankton like that in our audience".[21][22]
In 2021, Cobain's widow, Courtney Love, discussed the song in a Los Angeles Times interview, saying "you can’t write that song today, from the point of view of the perpetrator. Kurt would definitely not be allowed to sing 'Polly' today, and I think that’s pretty sad".[23]
Reception
[edit]"Polly" was ranked number 18 in NME's 2004 "Top 20 Nirvana Songs" list. In 2015, Rolling Stone ranked it number 29 in their ranking of 102 Nirvana songs, with Julianne Sheperd writing, "Though it's certainly not a protest song, it deftly delves into the mind of a sicko, like a succinct Henry: Portrait of a Serial Killer, and is an example of the thoughtful depths Cobain was willing to plumb."[16] In 2019, it was ranked at number 14 in The Guardian's list of "Nirvana's 20 greatest songs".[24] In 2023, the A.V. Club ranked it at number 22 on their list of Nirvana's "30 best songs," with Stephen Thomas Erlewine calling it "a stark counterpoint to the fury of Nevermind" whose "stillness was spookier than the noise that surrounded it."[25]
According to Charles R. Cross's biography Heavier Than Heaven, American singer-songwriter Bob Dylan was impressed with "Polly" upon hearing the song while at a Nirvana concert, remarking of Cobain that "that kid has heart".[26]
American alternative rock musician Amanda Palmer, who covered "Polly" on the 2011 tribute album, Newermind, discussed the song in a 2011 Spin interview, saying, "It's entirely possible that the production on Nevermind is going to feel dated in 50 years, if it doesn't already. The mystery in the lyrics to a song like 'Polly' is so profound. People will always be trying to make sense of what the fuck exactly Kurt was singing about. That's what makes a song last".[27]
In popular culture
[edit]The song appears as downloadable content in the video games Rock Band, Rock Band 2, Rock Band 3 and Rock Band 4.
"Polly" was covered by producer Cain McKnight for the noteworthy charity album, ′Nirvana Reimagined as House and Techno′.[28]
Live promotional versions
[edit]London Astoria version
[edit]A live version of "Polly", recorded at the London Astoria on December 3, 1989, was released in Australia as a promotional single in 1996 to promote the live compilation From the Muddy Banks of the Wishkah, released in November 1996.
MTV Unplugged version
[edit]The MTV Unplugged version of "Polly" was released as a promo single in 1994, the promote the album, MTV Unplugged in New York, released in November 1994.[29] The single received moderate airplay on American rock and alternative stations in 1994 and 1995.[30]
Video of the full MTV Unplugged performance was released on the MTV Unplugged in New York DVD in 2007. The DVD also featured footage of the band rehearsing "Polly" during the show's soundcheck as bonus material.
Certifications
[edit]| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
|---|---|---|
| Australia (ARIA)[31] | Platinum | 70,000‡ |
| United Kingdom (BPI)[32] Sales since 2004 |
Silver | 200,000‡ |
|
‡ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. | ||
Accolades
[edit]| Year | Publication | Country | Accolade | Rank |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1998 | Kerrang! | United Kingdom | 20 Great Nirvana Songs Picked by the Stars[33] | 7 |
| 2023 | The A.V. Club | United States | Essential Nirvana: Their 30 greatest songs, ranked[25] | 22 |
Recording and release history
[edit]- A live version of the song, recorded at De Doelen in Rotterdam, Netherlands on September 1, 1991, appeared on the live video, 1991: The Year Punk Broke, released in 1992.
- A live version, recorded on October 31, 1991 at the Paramount Theatre in Seattle, appeared on the live video, Live! Tonight! Sold Out!!, released in November 1994. It was re-released as bonus material on the Classic Albums: Nirvana – Nevermind DVD in March 2005, and the full concert was released on DVD and Blu-ray as Live at the Paramount in September 2011.
- A live version, recorded at the Paradiso in Amsterdam, Netherlands on November 25, 1991, was released on CD and Blu-ray on the 30th anniversary "Super Deluxe" version of Nevermind in November 2021.
- Three additional live versions of "Polly" appeared on the 30th anniversary "Super Deluxe" version of Nevermind. In addition to the full Del Mar show, the set included the band's complete shows at The Palace in Melbourne, Australia on February 2, 1992, and the Nakano Sunplaza in Tokyo, Japan on February 19, 1992. In a review of the Nevermind 30th anniversary "Super Deluxe" box set, Rolling Stone stated that at The Palace, Melbourne, Australia show, "When the band plays "Polly" later in the set, Cobain doesn't even need to ask the audience to sing along - it knows what to do".[34]
- A live version, recorded during the band's 1992 Reading Festival appearance in Reading, England on August 30, 1992, appeared on Live at Reading, released on CD and DVD in November 2009.
- Two live versions of "Polly," from the band's concerts at the Great Western Forum in Inglewood, California on December 30, 1993, and at the Seattle Center Arena in Seattle on January 7, 1994, will appear on the 30th anniversary "Super Deluxe" reissue of Nirvana's final studio album, In Utero, set to be released in October 2023.[35][36]
Unreleased versions
[edit]- The versions of "Polly" recorded for the BBC in London on October 26, 1989, and for VPRO in Hilversum on November 1, 1989, have never been officially released.
Personnel
[edit]- Kurt Cobain – guitar, vocals
- Krist Novoselic – bass
- Chad Channing – cymbals
Cover versions
[edit]| Year | Artist | Album |
|---|---|---|
| 2006 | Animal Collective | The Purple Bottle / Polly |
| 2011 | Amanda Palmer | Newermind |
| 2015 | Walk Off the Earth | Under the Covers |
| 2022 | Cain McKnight | Nirvana Reimagined as House and Techno |
References
[edit]- ^ Nevermind (CD liner notes). Nirvana. DGC. 1991.
{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link) - ^ a b c Azerrad, Michael (1993). Come as You Are: The Story of Nirvana. New York City: Doubleday. p. 321. ISBN 0-86369-746-1.
- ^ Hobbs, Mary Anne (November 23, 1991). "Nirvana's first NME cover feature from 1991: "I'm not sure how our original fans will cope"". NME. Retrieved 20 March 2023.
- ^ Tina Benitez-Eves (September 2023). "The Meaning, and Tragic Kidnapping, Behind Nirvana's Darker 'Nevermind' Song "Polly"". americansongwriter.com. Retrieved July 24, 2024.
- ^ Goldberg, Danny (2019). Serving the Servant: Remembering Kurt Cobain (First ed.). New York: Ecco Press. p. 174. ISBN 978-0062861504.
- ^ Book, Ryan (23 July 2013). "5 Songs That Reveal The Feminist Messages in Nirvana's Music That St. Vincent was Referring To". The Music Times. Retrieved 15 November 2022.
- ^ Marcotte, Amanda (23 September 2011). "Kurt Cobain's Feminist Legacy and Nirvana's 'Nevermind'". Daily Beast. Retrieved 15 November 2022.
- ^ https://www.livenirvana.com/songguide/ [bare URL]
- ^ "Live Nirvana | Concert Chronology | 1989 | June 21, 1989 - the Vogue, Seattle, WA, US".
- ^ a b Luerssen, John D. (2014). Nirvana FAQ: All That's Left to Know About the Most Important Band of the 1990s. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: Hal Leonard Corporation. ISBN 978-1-61713-588-0.
- ^ Cross, Charles R. (September 8, 2011). "True or False? 8 Myths About Nirvana's 'Nevermind'". Spin. Los Angeles, California: SpinMedia. Retrieved January 26, 2018.
- ^ Jeff, Gilbert (February 1992). "Cool Hand Puke: Kurt Cobain tries to explain why Nirvana — third-hand guitars and all — is suddenly the hottest band in the country". Guitar World (February 20, 2018 ed.). New York City: NewBay Media. Retrieved July 26, 2018.
- ^ a b Cross, Charles; Berkenstadt, Jim (February 22, 2012). Classic Rock Albums: Nirvana - Nevermind. New York City: Schirmer Trade Books. ISBN 9780857127686.
- ^ Gaar, Gillian G. (2009). The Rough Guide to Nirvana. New York City: Penguin Books. ISBN 978-1-4053-8119-2.
- ^ "Nirvana's Latest, Incesticide Is No Trump Card, But It's Still A Winner". The Milwaukee Journal. December 20, 1992. Retrieved March 26, 2019.
- ^ a b Shepherd, Julianne Escobedo (April 8, 2015). "No Apologies: All 102 Nirvana Songs Ranked". Rolling Stone. New York City: Wenner Media LLC. Retrieved 27 January 2018.
- ^ a b c d Cobain, Kurt (30 June 2009). "Nirvana 'Polly' Sheet Music in E Minor - Download & Print". Musicnotes.com. BMG Rights Management. Retrieved March 9, 2019.
- ^ a b Rocco, John (1998). The Nirvana companion: two decades of commentary: a chronicle of the end of punk. New York City: Schirmer Books. p. 243. ISBN 0-02-864930-3.
- ^ a b Klosterman, Chuck; A.V. Club (2009). "Shoot the whole day down". Inventory: 16 Films Featuring Manic Pixie Dream Girls, 10 Great Songs Nearly Ruined by Saxophone, and 100 More Obsessively Specific Pop-Culture Lists. New York City: Simon and Schuster. p. 71. ISBN 978-1-4165-9473-4.
- ^ "GUILTY VERDICT IN RAPE CASE". Seattle Post-Intelligencer. Seattle Washington: Hearst Corporation: D1. August 19, 1987.
- ^ Gold, Jonathan (April 3, 2014). "Nirvana: Read SPIN's 1994 Essay on Kurt Cobain's Rise, 'Out of the Blue'". Spin. Los Angeles, California: SpinMedia. Retrieved March 26, 2019.
- ^ Lindsay, Cam (January 12, 2017). "'Incesticide' Is Nirvana's Best Record Because It Reveals Their Contradictions". Vice. Brooklyn, New York: Vice Media. Retrieved January 25, 2018.
- ^ Charles R., Cross (24 September 2021). "I never talk about Nevermind!: Courtney Love on the Nirvana album that changed everything". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 26 September 2021.
- ^ Petridis, Alexis (20 June 2019). "Nirvana's 20 greatest songs - ranked!". The Guardian. Retrieved 23 June 2019.
- ^ a b Thomas Erlewine, Stephen (21 September 2023). "Essential Nirvana: Their 30 greatest songs, ranked". The A.V. Club. Retrieved 22 September 2023.
- ^ Cross, Charles R. (August 15, 2001). Heavier Than Heaven. New York City: Hyperion Books. ISBN 0-7868-6505-9.
- ^ Spin Staff (2011-07-19). "FREE ALBUM: SPIN Tribute to Nirvana's 'Nevermind'". Spin. Retrieved 2018-02-21.
- ^ ""At Night, The Disco Goddess": Why Nirvana Songs Make For Killer House Music". www.grammy.com.
- ^ "Unplugged in New York promos". nirvana-discography.com. Retrieved July 27, 2021.
- ^
- "Alternative Playlists" (PDF). Radio & Records. Radio & Records. 25 November 1994. p. 58. Retrieved July 27, 2021.
- "Alternative Playlists" (PDF). Radio & Records. Radio & Records. 2 December 1994. p. 55. Retrieved July 27, 2021.
- "Alternative Playlists" (PDF). Radio & Records. Radio & Records. 9 December 1994. p. 58. Retrieved July 27, 2021.
- "Alternative Playlists" (PDF). Radio & Records. Radio & Records. 14 April 1995. p. 64. Retrieved July 27, 2021.
- "Alternative Playlists" (PDF). Radio & Records. Radio & Records. 21 April 1995. p. 70. Retrieved July 27, 2021.
- "Alternative Playlists" (PDF). Radio & Records. Radio & Records. 5 May 1995. p. 76. Retrieved July 27, 2021.
- "Alternative Playlists" (PDF). Radio & Records. Radio & Records. 12 May 1995. p. 74. Retrieved July 27, 2021.
- "Alternative Playlists" (PDF). Radio & Records. Radio & Records. 19 May 1995. p. 74. Retrieved July 27, 2021.
- "Alternative Playlists" (PDF). Radio & Records. Radio & Records. 19 May 1995. p. 75. Retrieved July 27, 2021.
- "Alternative Playlists" (PDF). Radio & Records. Radio & Records. 26 May 1995. p. 80. Retrieved July 27, 2021.
- "Alternative Playlists" (PDF). Radio & Records. Radio & Records. 2 June 1995. p. 63. Retrieved July 27, 2021.
- "Alternative Playlists" (PDF). Radio & Records. Radio & Records. 9 June 1995. p. 74. Retrieved July 27, 2021.
- "Alternative Playlists" (PDF). Radio & Records. Radio & Records. 16 June 1995. p. 81. Retrieved July 27, 2021.
- "Alternative Playlists" (PDF). Radio & Records. Radio & Records. 16 June 1995. p. 82. Retrieved July 27, 2021.
- "Rock Playlists" (PDF). Radio & Records. Radio & Records. 23 June 1995. p. 65. Retrieved July 27, 2021.
- "Alternative Playlists" (PDF). Radio & Records. Radio & Records. 23 June 1995. p. 70. Retrieved July 27, 2021.
- "Alternative Playlists" (PDF). Radio & Records. Radio & Records. 23 June 1995. p. 71. Retrieved July 27, 2021.
- "Alternative Playlists" (PDF). Radio & Records. Radio & Records. 30 June 1995. p. 74. Retrieved July 27, 2021.
- "Alternative Playlists" (PDF). Radio & Records. Radio & Records. 7 July 1995. p. 70. Retrieved July 27, 2021.
- "Alternative Playlists" (PDF). Radio & Records. Radio & Records. 7 July 1995. p. 71. Retrieved July 27, 2021.
- "Alternative Playlists" (PDF). Radio & Records. Radio & Records. 14 July 1995. p. 66. Retrieved July 27, 2021.
- "Alternative Playlists" (PDF). Radio & Records. Radio & Records. 14 July 1995. p. 66. Retrieved July 27, 2021.
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- ^ "ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 2024 Singles" (PDF). Australian Recording Industry Association. Retrieved May 21, 2024.
- ^ "British single certifications – Nirvana – Polly". British Phonographic Industry. Retrieved September 1, 2023.
- ^ "The Hit List: 20 Great Nirvana Songs Picked by the Stars". Kerrang!. No. 709. July 25, 1998. p. 49. Retrieved July 21, 2019.
- ^ Grow, Kory (November 12, 2021). "Hear Nirvana Grow Up Fast in New 'Nevermind' Box Set". Rolling Stone. Retrieved December 28, 2021.
- ^ Monroe, Jazz. "Nirvana Reissuing In Utero With 2 Unreleased Live Albums for 30th Anniversary". Pitchfork. No. 5 September 2023. Retrieved 8 September 2023.
- ^ Deaux, John (September 5, 2023). "Nirvana In Utero: 30th anniversary multi-format reissues arrive October 27, 2023". allabouttherock.co.uk. Retrieved September 8, 2023.
External links
[edit]- "Polly" at MusicBrainz (information and list of recordings)
