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Typhoon Maysak (2020)

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This article is about the 2020 typhoon. For other storms of the same name, see List of storms named Maysak and List of storms named Julian.
Typhoon Maysak (Julian)
Maysak near peak intensity over the Ryukyu Islands on September 1
Meteorological history
FormedAugust 27, 2020
ExtratropicalSeptember 3, 2020
DissipatedSeptember 7, 2020
Very strong typhoon
10-minute sustained (JMA)
Highest winds175 km/h (110 mph)
Lowest pressure935 hPa (mbar); 27.61 inHg
Category 4-equivalent typhoon
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/JTWC)
Highest winds220 km/h (140 mph)
Lowest pressure930 hPa (mbar); 27.46 inHg
Overall effects
Fatalities46 total
Damage$100 million (2020 USD)
Areas affectedPhilippines, Korean Peninsula, Japan, Northeast China, Russian Far East
IBTrACSEdit this at Wikidata
Part of the 2020 Pacific typhoon season

Typhoon Maysak, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Julian, was a deadly, damaging and powerful tropical cyclone that struck the Ryukyu Islands and the Korean Peninsula in September 2020. The third typhoon of the 2020 Pacific typhoon season, Maysak formed from a tropical disturbance. The disturbance gradually organized, receiving the name Julian from PAGASA as it became a tropical depression. As the depression strengthened, the JMA subsequently named the system Maysak. Maysak rapidly intensified into a strong typhoon before weakening and making landfall in South Korea.

Maysak was the second of three typhoons to affect the Korean Peninsula within two weeks, the others being Bavi and Haishen. It was also responsible for the loss of a livestock carrier Gulf Livestock 1, that sank 100 nautical miles West off from Amami Ōshima, Japan on September 2, 2020, taking 41 out of the 43 crew members on board.

Meteorological history

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Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
triangle Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

Following the impacts of Typhoon Bavi on the Korean peninsula in August 2020, the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) began to anticipate the development of a new tropical cyclone with the potential to be stronger and more damaging for the region than Bavi.[1] The KMA assessed a high probability of the storm's development, but noted that its future impacts were uncertain;[2] the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) also determined that there was a high likelihood of a "significant tropical cyclone" developing.[3] Maysak's precursor disturbance was an area of low pressure over the western Pacific east of the Philippines.[4] At 06:00 UTC on August 27, the Japan Meteorological Agency determined that a nearly stationary tropical depression had formed near 15°N, 132°E.[5] The JTWC issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert for the system around the same time.[6] The newly formed system was located in an environment conducive to storm development, including warm sea surface temperatures and low vertical wind shear.[7] Clusters of atmospheric convection emerged around the storm's center, comprising formative rainbands wrapping into the developing circulation.[8][9] Early on August 28, the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) assessed the system as a tropical depression with the local name Julian.[10] At 06:00 UTC, the JMA assessed the tropical depression to have strengthened into a tropical storm, assigning it with the name Maysak. By this time, outflow had become established and curvature of the Maysak's rainbands became apparent on satellite imagery.[11] The storm's cloud tops cooled substantially, indicative of further consolidation of its circulation.[12] Maysak became a severe tropical storm twelve hours later.[13] Maysak became a typhoon by 12:00 UTC on August 29 according to the JMA after developing an eye. The storm also began to move towards the north in response to a nearby subtropical ridge.[14][15][16]

On August 30, Maysak's structure became indicative of an impending phase of rapid intensification according to the JTWC.[17] The typhoon developed a central dense overcast that day with an eye embedded within.[18] An approaching trough over eastern China and western Japan caused Maysak to accelerate towards the north as it continued to traverse energetic ocean waters.[19] The typhoon's eye became symmetric and spanned 55 km (34 mi) across.[20] By 21:00 UTC, the eye had contracted to a diameter of 19 km (12 mi). Around that time, the JTWC assessed the typhoon as having one-minute sustained winds of 215 km/h (134 mph).[21] At 00:00 UTC on September 1, the JMA determined that Maysak had ten-minute maximum sustained winds of 110 mph (180 km/h) with gusts of up to 250 km/h (160 mph). The associated barometric pressure was estimated at 935 hPa (mbar; 27.61 inHg).[22][23] Maysak held this intensity as it began to move into a less conducive environment for storm development within the East China Sea.[24] Soon, Maysak began to weaken steadily as it passed the East China Sea, slowing back down to a Category 3 storm. The storm then made landfall near Busan, South Korea at 02:20 KST on September 3 (17:20 UTC on September 2), with 10-minute maximum sustained winds at 155 km/h (96 mph) and the central pressure at 950 hPa[25] equivalent into a Category 2 typhoon. After that, it crossed the Sea of Japan and hitting North Korea into Jilin in northeast China. Soon after, Typhoon Maysak transitioned into an extratropical low in northeast China.[26]

Preparations and impact

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The storm affected the eastern parts of South Korea, North Korea, China, and Russia, along with the Ryukyu Islands, causing at least 32 deaths and damage to more than 9,200 houses. Total combined economic losses were anticipated to surpass US$100 million.[27]

Japan

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The JMA urged residents of Okinawa to evacuate in anticipation of a potentially "major disaster" from Maysak; 560 people ultimately evacuated.[28][29] The agency also warned of the possibility of tornadoes in the region.[30] Schools, stores, and public offices throughout the prefecture closed. As many as 266 flights linking to Okinawa were cancelled, affecting roughly 9,200 travelers.[28][31][32] The Naha Airport closed its passenger terminal in advance of Maysak.[32] The cancellation of flights at Okinawa also led to the cancellation of 10 percent of departures from Haneda Airport.[33] Kadena Air Force Base was placed on Tropical Cyclone Conditions of Readiness level 1 (TCCOR 1), denoting the onset of destructive winds. Okinawa was buffeted by wind gusts generally ranging between 100 and 130 km/h (62 and 81 mph). A peak gust of 163 km/h (101 mph) was measured in Nanjō.[34] Wind gusts reached 195 km/h (121 mph) at Kumejima Airport.[35] Power outages affected 1,580 electricity customers in Nago, Naha, and Nakijin.[29] Agricultural damage across the prefecture were at JP¥236.4 million (US$2.23 million).[36]

Officials in Kyushu warned of strong winds and mudslides. Maysak caused powerful winds and drenching rainfall to the Ryukyu Islands of Japan as it passed through, also causing some power outages.[37] Agricultural damage in Saga Prefecture were calculated to be JP¥609 million (US$5.74 million).[38]

Gulf Livestock 1 shipwreck

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On 2 September 2020, Panamanian-flagged cargo ship Gulf Livestock 1 with 43 crew members, including 39 seamen from the Philippines, two from New Zealand and two from Australia, and thousands of cattle onboard was reported missing in the East China Sea. The Japan Coast Guard said it has found one person drifting in rough waters in a lifejacket. A distress signal was sent from the ship shortly before disappearing.[39] The body of a person was found two days later.[40] By October, the remaining 41 seamen were declared dead.[27]

South Korea

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In South Korea, 2,200 people were evacuated into shelters in preparation for Maysak. Maysak resulted in two deaths,[41] caused over 120,000 power outages, and damaged over 5,100 hectares of farmland as well as a further 800 structures.[42] South Korea's Ministry of Interior and Safety cited notable damage to nearly 2,000 buildings.[27]

North Korea

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Maysak brought heavy rainfall to eastern North Korea peaking at 15.157 inches (385.0 mm) in Wonsan. Photos showed streets and buildings being flooded in the area.[43] North Korea's state television network once more broadcast live storm reports overnight from State Hydro-Meteorological Administration and outside as they had done with Typhoon Bavi just a week previous to Maysak.[44][45]

China

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The extratropical remnants of Maysak moved into Jilin, bringing heavy rains to the province. Damage was amounted to be CN¥6.18 million (US$903 thousand).[46]

Russia

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Maysak struck the Primorsky Krai as an extratropical cyclone, which killed three people and led to ₽200 million (US$2.65 million) in losses.[47]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Jun-tae, Ko (August 27, 2020). "Heat wave to return as typhoon passes without severe damage". The Korea Herald. Seoul, South Korea: Herald Corporation. Retrieved August 30, 2020.
  2. ^ Han-gil, Seo (August 27, 2020). "태풍 '바비' 가니 '마이삭' 오나…기상청 "예의 주시"". dongA.com (in Korean). Seoul, South Korea. Retrieved August 30, 2020.
  3. ^ Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (Invest 94W) (Report). Pearl Harbor, Hawaii: Joint Typhoon Warning Center. August 27, 2020.
  4. ^ Strong, Matthew (August 27, 2020). "Top weather expert hopes Typhoon Maysak stays away from Taiwan". Taiwan News. Retrieved August 30, 2020.
  5. ^ Warning and Summary 270600 (Report). Tokyo, Japan: Japan Meteorological Agency. August 27, 2020. Archived from the original (TXT) on August 31, 2020. Retrieved August 31, 2020.
  6. ^ "Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (Invest 94W)". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 27 August 2020. Archived from the original on 27 August 2020. Retrieved 27 August 2020.
  7. ^ Reasoning No. 1 for TD Located at 16.8N 131.8E (RSMC Tropical Cyclone Prognostic Reasoning). Tokyo, Japan: Japan Meteorological Agency. August 27, 2020. Archived from the original (TXT) on August 31, 2020. Retrieved August 31, 2020.
  8. ^ Reasoning No. 2 for TD Located at 17.4N 131.1E (RSMC Tropical Cyclone Prognostic Reasoning). Tokyo, Japan: Japan Meteorological Agency. August 28, 2020. Archived from the original (TXT) on August 31, 2020. Retrieved August 31, 2020.
  9. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 10W (Ten) Warning NR 01 (TXT) (Report). Pearl Harbor, Hawaii: Joint typhoon Warning Center. August 28, 2020. Retrieved August 31, 2020 – via Iowa Environmental Mesonet.
  10. ^ "Severe Weather Bulletin #1 for Tropical Depression "JULIAN"" (PDF). Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration. August 28, 2020. Archived from the original on 2020-08-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  11. ^ Reasoning No. 3 for TS 2009 Maysak (2009) (RSMC Tropical Cyclone Prognostic Reasoning). Tokyo, Japan: Japan Meteorological Agency. August 28, 2020. Archived from the original (TXT) on August 31, 2020. Retrieved August 31, 2020.
  12. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 10W (Maysak) Warning NR 03 (TXT) (Report). Pearl Harbor, Hawaii: Joint typhoon Warning Center. August 28, 2020. Retrieved August 31, 2020 – via Iowa Environmental Mesonet.
  13. ^ STS 2009 Maysak (2009) Upgraded From TS (RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory). Tokyo, Japan: Japan Meteorological Agency. August 28, 2020. Archived from the original (TXT) on August 31, 2020. Retrieved August 31, 2020.
  14. ^ Reasoning No. 8 for TY 2009 Maysak (2009) (RSMC Tropical Cyclone Prognostic Reasoning). Tokyo, Japan: Japan Meteorological Agency. August 29, 2020. Archived from the original (TXT) on August 31, 2020. Retrieved August 31, 2020.
  15. ^ TY 2009 Maysak (2009) Upgraded From STS (RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory). Tokyo, Japan: Japan Meteorological Agency. August 29, 2020. Archived from the original (TXT) on August 31, 2020. Retrieved August 31, 2020.
  16. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 10W (Maysak) Warning NR 08 (TXT) (Report). Pearl Harbor, Hawaii: Joint typhoon Warning Center. August 29, 2020. Retrieved August 31, 2020 – via Iowa Environmental Mesonet.
  17. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 10W (Maysak) Warning NR 09 (TXT) (Report). Pearl Harbor, Hawaii: Joint typhoon Warning Center. August 30, 2020. Retrieved August 31, 2020 – via Iowa Environmental Mesonet.
  18. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 10W (Maysak) Warning NR 12 (TXT) (Report). Pearl Harbor, Hawaii: Joint typhoon Warning Center. August 30, 2020. Retrieved August 31, 2020 – via Iowa Environmental Mesonet.
  19. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 10W (Maysak) Warning NR 13 (TXT) (Report). Pearl Harbor, Hawaii: Joint typhoon Warning Center. August 31, 2020. Retrieved August 31, 2020 – via Iowa Environmental Mesonet.
  20. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 10W (Maysak) Warning NR 15 (TXT) (Report). Pearl Harbor, Hawaii: Joint typhoon Warning Center. August 31, 2020. Retrieved August 31, 2020 – via Iowa Environmental Mesonet.
  21. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 10W (Maysak) Warning NR 16 (TXT) (Report). Pearl Harbor, Hawaii: Joint typhoon Warning Center. August 31, 2020. Retrieved September 1, 2020 – via Iowa Environmental Mesonet.
  22. ^ TY 2009 Maysak (2009) (RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory). Tokyo, Japan: Japan Meteorological Agency. September 1, 2020. Archived from the original (TXT) on September 1, 2020. Retrieved August 31, 2020.
  23. ^ Reasoning No. 18 for TY 2009 Maysak (2009) (RSMC Tropical Cyclone Prognostic Reasoning). Tokyo, Japan: Japan Meteorological Agency. September 1, 2020. Archived from the original (TXT) on September 1, 2020. Retrieved August 31, 2020.
  24. ^ Reasoning No. 19 for TY 2009 Maysak (2009) (RSMC Tropical Cyclone Prognostic Reasoning). Tokyo, Japan: Japan Meteorological Agency. September 1, 2020. Archived from the original (TXT) on September 1, 2020. Retrieved August 31, 2020.
  25. ^ "[기상청 속보] 2020년 9월 3일 2시 30분" (in Korean). Korea Meteorological Administration. 2 September 2020. Archived from the original on 2 September 2020. Retrieved 3 September 2020.
  26. ^ "Typhoon Maysak hit South Korea - September 2nd, 2020". YouTube.
  27. ^ a b c "Global Catastrophe Recap September 2020" (PDF). Aon. October 8, 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 8, 2020. Retrieved October 8, 2020.
  28. ^ a b "Typhoon Maysak: Japan warns of 'major disaster' in Okinawa region". Al Jazeera. Al Jazeera Media Network. August 31, 2020. Retrieved August 31, 2020.
  29. ^ a b "台風9号：沖縄で瞬間風速54.5メートル 1人負傷、560人避難 1580戸停電". The Okinawa Times (in Japanese). September 1, 2020. Retrieved August 31, 2020.
  30. ^ "竜巻注意情報＝気象庁発表". The Okinawa Times (in Japanese). September 1, 2020. Retrieved August 31, 2020.
  31. ^ "台風9号、スーパーなど商業施設も臨時休業へ【8月31日随時更新】". Yahoo! Japan (in Japanese). Ryūkyū Shimpō. August 31, 2020. Retrieved August 31, 2020.
  32. ^ a b "台風で沖縄の交通ストップ きょう空路238便欠航 バス・モノレールは午前運休". The Okinawa Times (in Japanese). August 31, 2020. Retrieved September 1, 2020.
  33. ^ Javaheri, Pedram (August 31, 2020). "Typhoon Maysak is forecast to strengthen as it moves toward Japan and the Korean Peninsula". CNN. Cable News Network. Retrieved August 31, 2020.
  34. ^ Dolce, Chris (August 30, 2020). "Typhoon Maysak Hammering Okinawa With Strong Winds and Heavy Rain and Could Bring More Flooding to South Korea". The Weather Channel. TWC Product and Technology. Retrieved August 31, 2020.
  35. ^ Freedman, Andrew (August 31, 2020). "Powerful Typhoon Maysak brings 100 mph winds to Okinawa, heads for super typhoon status and landfall in Korea". The Washington Post. Retrieved August 31, 2020.
  36. ^ 台風9号 農水産被害2億3640万円 沖縄本島と宮古島 サトウキビが9割 (in Japanese). Ryukyu Shimpo. September 4, 2020. Retrieved September 5, 2020.
  37. ^ Kageyama, Yuri (September 2, 2020). "Rains hit southern Japan island as Koreas ready for typhoon". CTVNews.
  38. ^ 台風9号10号被害 農林水産関係被害は10億円弱【佐賀県】 (in Japanese). Saga TV. September 23, 2020. Retrieved September 24, 2020.
  39. ^ "Typhoon Maysak: Ship with crew and thousands of cattle missing". BBC. 3 September 2020.
  40. ^ "Japan rescues second survivor from capsized ship". BBC News. September 4, 2020.
  41. ^ "태풍 '마이삭' 한반도 강타…사망자 발생". VOA (in Korean). Retrieved 2023-01-11.
  42. ^ "Typhoon Maysak finishes, as Haishen gathers force". koreajoongangdaily.joins.com. 3 September 2020.
  43. ^ "Bahrain News Agency". www.bna.bh.
  44. ^ "Rescuers search for missing ship carrying 42 crew off Japanese coast". CBC. 3 September 2020.
  45. ^ "North Korea's east coast hit with damaging typhoon and floods, state TV shows | NK News". NK News - North Korea News. September 3, 2020.
  46. ^ 台风“美莎克”致16个县、市、区受灾！多图+视频直击现场！ (in Chinese). 长春全接触. September 4, 2020. Retrieved September 4, 2020.
  47. ^ Ущерб Приморью от тайфуна "Майсак" предварительно оценивается в 200 млн рублей - губернатор (in Russian). Interfax. September 4, 2020. Retrieved September 5, 2020.
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